Notater:

{geni:about_me} * [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_August_I._%28Sachsen%29 '''de.wikipedia.org....'''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony '''en.wikipedia....'''],
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_Castle about - '''Dresden Castle'''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schloss_1896.jpg picture of - '''Dresden Castle'''] - where Frederick lived
* From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
* Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
* Frederick Augustus I (full name: Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xavier) (German: Friedrich August I.; b. Dresden, 23 December 1750 X d. Dresden, 5 May 1827) was King of Saxony (1805X1827) from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III (Friedrich August III.) of Saxony (1763X1806) and Duke Frederick Augustus I (Polish: Fryderyk August I) of Warsaw (1807X1813). The Augustusplatz in Leipzig is named after him.
===Family Background===
* He was the second (but eldest surviving) son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria, Princess of Bavaria. Because he was underage at the time of the death of his father in 1763, his mother served as Regent until 1768. His uncle Prince Franz Xavier functioned as his representative.[1]
===Renunciation of the Polish Throne===
* In 1765 Prince Franz Xavier ceded the Polish throne to StanisXaw August Poniatowski on behalf of the underage Elector. Frederick Augustus was named successor to Stanislaw, however, when a Polish Constitution was ratified by thelower House (Sejm) of the Polish Parliament. At the same time, the head of the Saxon Royal House was established as heir to the Polish throne (Article VII of the Polish Constitution). Frederick Augustus declined to accept the crown upon Stanislaw's death in 1798, because he feared becoming entangled in disputes with Austria, Prussia and Russia, who had begun to partition Poland in 1772.[2] As a matter of fact, a full partition of Poland among the neighboring powers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia had already taken place by 1795.
===Foreign policy up to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire===
* In August 1791, Frederick Augustus arranged a meeting with Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia at Pillnitz Castle that was intended partly to offer support for the French monarchy in the face of revolutionary agitation in France.[1] The Declaration of Pillnitz warned of the possibility of military action against the French revolutionary government, a provocation that provided it with grounds to declare war on Austria in April 1792. Frederick Augustus himself did not sign the Declaration.
* Saxony wanted nothing to do with the defensive alliance against France formed between Austria and Prussia. Nonetheless, a proclamation of the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire issued in March 1793 obligated Frederick Augustus to take part. There was great concern in Saxony in April 1795 when Prussia suddenly concluded a separate peace with France in order to facilitate the partition of Poland. Saxony dropped out of the coalition against France in August 1796 after France had advanced east into the German lands and additional conditions for the Holy Roman Empire to conclude a separate peace were agreed to.
* Both the peace agreement with France and Saxony's participation in the Congress of Rastatt in 1797 served to demonstrate Frederick AugustusX loyalty to the conventional constitutional principles of the Holy Roman Empire. The Congress of Rastatt was supposed to authorize the surrender of left bank areas of the Rhine to France in return for compensation for the rulers who were relinquishing their territories. Saxony refused to agree to territorial adjustments that were designed to benefit Bavaria, Prussia, Württemberg, and Baden at the Congress of Rastatt and in 1803 at the issuance of the Final Report of the Empire Delegation [the law of the Holy Roman Empire that laid out the new order of the Empire].
===Foreign policy until the peace with Napoleon===
* Frederick Augustus also did not participate in the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, which led to the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. With respect to the Prussian idea of a north German empire, within which Saxony was supposed to be raised to a kingdom, he appeared reserved. However, when Napoleon advanced as far as Thuringia after September 1806 in response to the Berlin Ultimatum, which demanded the withdrawal of French troops from the left bank of the Rhine, Frederick Augustus joined with Prussia. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806 the Prussian X Saxon troops suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Napoleon. Separated from Prussia, whose state and army leadership withdrew headlong to the east, left without any information concerning Prussian intentions, and with NapoleonXs troops about to occupy Saxony, Frederick Augustus had to conclude peace. On 11 December 1806 in Poznan a treaty was signed by authorized representatives of both sides. Saxony was forced to join the Confederation of the Rhine and had to surrender areas of Thuringia to the recently organized Kingdom of Westphalia. As compensation, Saxony was given the area around Cottbus and was raised to the status of a kingdom alongside the Confederation states of Bavaria and Württemberg.
* Frederick Augustus was proclaimed king of Saxony on 20 December 1806. After the Treaty of Tilsit, which Frederick William III of Prussia and Czar Alexander I of Russia concluded with Napoleon in July 1807, Frederick Augustus was also named duke of Warsaw. Although he had rejected the offer of the kingdom of Poland in 1795 by the lower House of the Polish Parliament, he could not refuse a Polish title a second time.[1][2]
* The Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw, which Napoleon dictated to Saxony, joined the Duchy of Warsaw hereditarily to the Royal House of Saxony in Article V, which was linked to the Polish Constitution of 1791. Geopolitically the Duchy of Warsaw comprised the areas of the 2nd and 3rd Prussian partitions (1795), with the exception of Danzig (GdaXsk), which was made into the Free City of Danzig under joint French and Saxon "protection", and the district around BiaXystok, which was given to Russia. The area of Prussian control was made up of territory from the former Prussian provinces of New East Prussia, Southern Prussia, New Silesia, and West Prussia. In addition, the new statewas given the area along the NoteX river and the "Land of CheXmno".
* Altogether, the Duchy had an initial area of around 104,000 km², with a population of approximately 2,600,000. The bulk of its inhabitants were Poles.
* In 1809, Austria was successfully defeated by PolishXSaxon troops after it attempted to take possession of the Duchy and for its part had to cede to the Duchy of Warsaw Polish regions absorbed up to 1795, among them the old Polish royal city of Kraków. In July 1812 Frederick Augustus ratified a proclamation of the Polish Parliament that restored the Kingdom of Poland. Napoleon lodged a protest against this action.
===Events during the War of Liberation===
* In 1813 during the War of Liberation, Saxony found itself in a more difficult situation than many other warring states. The country was still solidly in NapoleonXs grip and at the same time had become the central arena of the war. In the autumn of 1813 at the start of the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations) the local population of Saxony, which tallied about 2 million, saw almost a million soldiers brought to its territories. Napoleon openly threatened to consider Saxony as enemy territory and treat it accordingly should Frederick Augustus change sides. Frederick AugustusX room for maneuver was consequently greatly limited. He did not want to put the countryXs well-being into play frivolously. At the same time, he still remembered vividly the way in which Prussia had simply abandoned him in 1806.
* In this difficult situation the King attempted to enter cautiously into an alliance with the Sixth Coalition in 1813 without risking a public break with Napoleon and a declaration of war. As the Prussian and Russian troops entered Saxony in the spring, the King first moved to the south in order to avoid a direct encounter and pursued an alliance with Austria secretly from Regensburg. The Saxon-Austrian Pact was concluded on 20 April and the King made the Prussian and Russian allies aware of it at the same time. Napoleon, from whom Frederick Augustus was not able to keep the diplomatic maneuvers concealed, summoned the King urgently to Saxony after he had defeated the Prussian-Russian troops at Lützen on 2 May. Frederick Augustus decided to comply with the ultimatum presented to him. With no prospect of concrete assistance from Austria, and in view of the defeat of the Prussian X Russian coalition, which now sent peace signals to France, he felt he had no choice.
* Frederick AugustusX decision brought the country scarcely any relief. Napoleon, angered at the near defection of the King and at the same time dependent upon the full mobilization of all available forces against the Coalition troops, harshly demanded the full resources of Saxony. In addition, the country suffered under the changing fortunes of war and associated movements and quartering. At the end of August the Allies failed again to defeat Napoleon atthe Battle of Dresden. Meanwhile Saxony became the principal arena of war and Dresden the mid-point of the French army movements. Not until 9 September in Teplice (in the present-day Czech Republic) did Austria conclude its alliance with Prussia and Russia. As NapoleonXs troops in Saxony formed up for the retreat before the expanded coalition, the first defectors from the Saxon army to the allies came in September.
* Frederick Augustus was mistrustful of Prussia in view of the experiences of the spring and arguably disappointed as well by Austria's decision not to join the Coalition immediately, especially while the country was exposed as before to French domination. Thus he chose not to break with Napoleon. At the Battle of Leipzig [Battle of Nations] the Saxon as well as the Polish troops fought on the side of Napoleon. In view of the apparent defeat of the French, even larger Saxon troop formations went over to the Coalition during the battle, whereas the Polish troops were largely annihilated.
===Settlement of Saxon affairs at the Congress of Vienna===
* At the deliberations of the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815, Frederick Augustus' position was doomed by his country's difficult geographic position, the changing fortunes of war, a lack of assistance from Austria, and his own hesitant attitude. The Prussian-Russian alliance had never had an honorable intention in bringing Saxony into the anti-Napoleon alliance in the first place. Even before Prussia declared war on France on 17 March 1813, it had agreed to an alliance with Russia to the detriment of Saxony and Poland at Kalisz on 22 February: the Duchy of Poland would predominantly come under Russian rule, whereas Prussia would be compensated for relinquished Polish territories with the annexation of Saxon territory. PrussiaXs appetite for the economically and culturally more developed territories of Saxony originated in the old dream of annexation that Frederick II had developed in his political testament of 1752 and had already tried to realize in the Seven Years' War. It did not originate from any necessity to overcome Napoleonic rule in central Europe.
* After the Battle of Leipzig the Prussian-Russian alliance showed no interest in an alliance with the Saxon king in the wider struggle against Napoleon irrespective of offers of support from Frederick Augustus. Rather, the King was taken into captivity to Friedrichsfelde near Berlin and placed under Russian-Prussian custody in the name of a XGeneral Government of High Allied Powers.X
* The forceful manner of Prussian minister Baron von Stein, not the government administered by Russian Prince Repnin until November 1814 or the subsequent Prussian occupying force that lasted to June 1815, were responsible for the low morale in Saxony at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. In contrast to the representatives of France, Frederick Augustus was denied participation at the Congress of Vienna as punishment for his supposed role as the quasi- deputyof his former ally Napoleon. Certainly nothing other than the intention of Prussia and Russia to carry out the annexation plans agreed to in Kalisz was responsible for this treatment of the Saxon king. That Saxony was not completely abandoned can be attributed to the fear of Austria and France of an overly-strengthened Prussia. Because the Saxon question threatened to break up the Congress, the allies finally agreed to divide Saxony (7 January 1815) with the mediation of the Czar.
===Acceptance of the post-war order of the Congress of Vienna===
* Frederick Augustus delayed his agreement to the division of his country after he was released from a Prussian prison in February 1815. Since the King had no choice, he finally gave in, and on 18 May consented to the peace treaty laid before him by Prussia and Russia. With the signing of the treaty on 21 May 1815, 57% of Saxon territory and 42% of the Saxon population was turned over to Prussia.
* Places and areas that had been connected to the Saxon landscape for hundreds of years became completely foreign, absorbed in part into artificially created administrative regions. Examples include Wittenberg, the old capital ofthe Saxon Elector State during the Holy Roman Empire, and seat of the National University made famous by Martin Luther and Melanchthon (which was already done away with in 1817 by means of a merger with the Prussian University ofHalle), and Torgau, birthplace and place of residence of the Elector Frederick the Wise, which was incorporated into one of the new hybrids created by Prussia under the name Province of Saxony. Lower Lusatia, which like Upper Lusatia had preserved its constitutional autonomy under Saxon rule, was incorporated into the Province of Brandenburg and ceased to exist as a state. Upper Lusatia was arbitrarily divided: the area assigned to Prussia, including Görlitz, was added to the Province of Silesia; these areas also lost their constitutional autonomy.
* On 22 May 1815 Frederick Augustus abdicated as ruler of the Duchy of Warsaw, whose territory was annexed mainly to Russia, but also partly to Prussia and Austria. In the area assigned to Russia, a Kingdom of Poland was created to join in a hereditary union with the Czars. The old royal city of Kraków no longer belonged to the new kingdom, and became a separate republic. The internal autonomy that it enjoyed at first was abolished in 1831 after the Polish Uprising.
* When Frederick returned home to Saxony in July 1815 he was greeted enthusiastically throughout the land. Numerous expressions of loyalty also reached the king from the ceded territories, where the populace regarded the new rulers coolly; shortly thereafter the notion of being Xmandatory-PrussianX began to circulate. In Liège, where the majority of the regiments of the Saxon Army had been stationed since the beginning of 1815, there was a revolt at the end of April. At the behest of the Prussian king, Blücher was to discharge the soldiers who came from the annexed territories, but Frederick AugustusX men had not yet made their departure, and the Saxon soldiers rioted over it. Blücher had to flee the city and was able to put down the revolt only by calling up additional Prussian troops.
* Public opinion in Saxony lay decisively on Frederick AugustusX side at the time of his return. There was a feeling that Prussian policies were too ruthless both against the country and the king. The avarice of special interestsin Berlin came across all too clearly as the rewards of the War of Liberation were distributed.
===Final years===
* The last twelve years of Frederick AugustusX government passed largely quietly.[1] The conservative character of the king, which in foreign policy up to 1806 had manifested itself in unconditional loyalty to Saxon interests, hardened even more after the experience of Napoleonic hegemony. With respect to political reform the King achieved little. Until his death in 1827, little was altered in the constitutional regulation of the Saxon state. To be sure, the king failed to do so out of respect for the rights of the remaining Lusatian upper classes. Just as little came of the desire of many people to transform the existing political system to accommodate a genuine parliament. Therewas scarcely any lessening of admiration for the old king who had overseen the destiny of Saxony for more than half a century. During his lifetime he gained the name XThe Just.X Resentment over the delayed economic and social rebuilding of the country was to be felt by his brother, King Anton.
* Frederick Augustus was entombed in the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Dresden.[2]
===Marriage and issue===
* In Mannheim on 17 January 1769 (by proxy) and again in Dresden on 29 January 1769 (in person), Frederick Augustus married the Countess Palatine (Pfalzgräfin) Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, sister of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. During their marriage, Amalia gave birth to four children, but only one daughter survived to adulthood:
* Stillborn child (1771).
* Stillborn child (1775).
* Maria Augusta Nepomucena Antonia Franziska Xaveria Aloysia (b. Dresden, 21 June 1782 X d. Dresden, 14 March 1863).
* Stillborn child (1797).
* Without surviving male issue, Frederick Augustus was succeeded as King of Saxony by his younger brother Anton.
===Titles and styles===
===Golden Fleece - Knights: Spanish Branch===
23 December 1750 - 5 October 1763 His Serene Highness Prince Friedrich August of Saxony,
5 October 1763 - 17 December 1763 His Serene Highness The Electoral Prince of Saxony,
17 December 1763 - 20 December 1806 His Serene Highness The Elector of Saxony,
20 December 1806 X 5 May 1827 His Majesty The King of Saxony,




'''Links:'''

'''The Peerage:'''

'''Geneall:'''

'''Wikipedia:'''

'''English:'''

'''Deutsch:'''

Frederick Augustus I became the first King of Saxony, came to be known as the Just, ruled from 1806 to 1827. He was succeeded by his brother Anthony.

Notater:

{geni:about_me} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Christian%2C_Elector_of_Saxony

Friedrich giftet seg med Maria Antonia Walpurgis Symphorosa Wittelsbach, Kurfürstin zu Sachsen 20 Jun 1747, Dresden, Saxony, Germany. Maria ble født 18 Jul 1724 , Schloss Nymphenburg; døde 23 Apr 1780, Dresden, Sachsen, Deutschland(HRR); ble begravet , Katholische Hofkirche. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Electress Consort of Saxony

{geni:about_me} ==Links:
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p11152.htm#i111518 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=5050 Geneall]
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Walpurgis_of_Bavaria Wikipedia]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} King of Poland, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX

{geni:about_me}

*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland English ]
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_III._%28Polen%29 Deutsch ]
[http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_III_Sas Polski]

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August III. (Polen)

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August III., gemalt von Pietro Antonio Rotari, 1755

Bildnis des Kurprinzen August im Harnisch aus dem Jahre 1715, gemalt von Nicolas de Largillière

Ludwig XIV. von Frankreich empfängt den späteren König von Polen und Kurfürsten von Sachsen, August III. im Schloss Fontainebleau 1714

August III. von Polen und Sachsen in polnischer Tracht

August III. von Polen zu Pferde (Stich nach Johann Elias Ridinger)

Friedrich August von Sachsen als Kurprinz im Harnisch und mit einem Mohr, gemalt von Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1715, Öl auf Leinwand, 250 × 173 cm, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden

Friedrich August von Sachsen

Friedrich August II. (* 17. Oktober 1696 in Dresden; X 5. Oktober 1763 ebenda) war seit 1733 Kurfürst von Sachsen und als August III. auch König von Polen und Großherzog von Litauen. Er führte nach dem Tod seines Vaters, August I. als zweiter wettinischer Herrscher, die Personalunion Sachsen-Polen fort. Der in Polen auch als August der Sachse (August Sas) bekannte Regent gehörte zu den größten Kunstmäzenen seiner Zeit, stürzte jedoch durch die Fortführungder väterlichen Außenpolitik den Kurstaat Sachsen in die Katastrophe des Siebenjährigen Kriegs.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

* 1 Leben

* 2 Baumaßnahmen in Sachsen

* 3 Baumaßnahmen in Warschau

* 4 Nachkommen

* 5 Trivia

* 6 Literatur

* 7 Weblinks

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Gewöhnlich wird vom Sohn Augusts des Starken und der Christiane Eberhardine von Brandenburg-Bayreuth behauptet, dass er sich wenig um Politik gekümmert hätte. Solche Probleme hätten ihn überfordert. Betont wird, dass er gern Jagden veranstaltete, häufig in die Oper ging, sich um seine umfangreichen Kunstsammlungen kümmerte sowie großen Familiensinn bewies. Auch wenn dies nicht in Zweifel gezogen werden soll, zeigt die neuere polnische Forschung, dass August III. ein sehr fleißiger polnischer König gewesen ist (siehe die Veröffentlichungen von Jacek Staszewski).

Der Kurfürst wurde mit Unterstützung Österreichs und Russlands und den üblichen Bestechungen gegen den Kandidaten Schwedens und Frankreichs, StanisXaw LeszczyXski, zum König von Polen gewählt, was den Polnischen Thronfolgekrieg auslöste. August III. wurde am 17. Januar 1734 gekrönt und behauptete die Krone im Frieden von Wien 1738. Seine Durchsetzung fand also im Rahmen eines deutlichen Souveränitätsverlusts Polen-Litauens statt, das einst einer der mächtigsten Staaten gewesen war.

Die Spielräume für seine Regierung in Polen-Litauen waren angesichts des Streits zwischen den Magnatengruppen der Czartoryski und Potocki im Sejm äußerst eng. Die Magnatenparteiungen genossen ihrerseits ausländische Unterstützung, so dass Polen-Litauen zum Spielball rivalisierender Nachbarmächte wurde. Fast alle Reichstage blieben ergebnislos (vergleiche Liberum Veto). Ein Beispiel waren die Reichstage von 1744 und 1746, in denen die Krone und der Großkanzler vorsichtig definierte Reformen im Wirtschafts- und Militärsektor auf den Weg bringen wollten. Sie waren jedoch außerstande, die verfeindeten Magnatenparteien überhaupt an einen Tisch zu bringen. Letztlich scheiterten sie im Sejm, unter ausländischer Einmischung. Ohne ordnungsgemäß abgehaltene Sejms mussten die Minister auch keine Rechenschaft ablegen, was die Korruption förderte.

Angesichts dieser Sachlage hofften sich der König und sein Premierminister Brühl in Polen mit dem XMinisterialsystemX sachsentreuer Magnaten (die in Schlüsselpositionen gesetzt wurden) über Wasser zu halten und beide Länder politisch verbinden zu können. Sie erlangten im Siebenjährigen Krieg sogar die Zustimmung ihrer drei Verbündeten für eine erneute Thronkandidatur Sachsens, aber die Erfolge waren nur scheinbar und nicht von Dauer.

Ein bescheidener Wirtschaftsaufschwung war in Polen weiterhin bemerkbar, später beeinträchtigt durch die Auswirkungen des Siebenjährigen Krieges (preußische Münzfälschung, Kontributionen, Requisitionen und teilweise Plünderungen durch russische Truppen).

In Sachsen führte Heinrich von Brühl nach dem Sturz Graf Sulkowskis von 1738 bis 1756 die alleinige Regierung, 1746 wurde er formell Premierminister. Er war ein erfolgreicher Diplomat und festigte die Verwaltung, wurde aber wegenfalscher Finanzpolitik im Landtag 1749 scharf angegriffen. Trotz rücksichtsloser finanzieller Maßnahmen Brühls steuerte Sachsen in eine Staatskrise. Der Zwangsumtausch von Vermögenswerten in staatliche Schuldverschreibungen erschütterte die Wirtschaft, die ohnehin zu kleine Armee musste abgerüstet und ein bedeutender Anteil der Steuern verpfändet werden. Dazu kam der Druck von außen, denn der sächsische Export wurde durch die preußische (Zoll-)Politik jener Zeit stark behindert.

Aber erst der Siebenjährige Krieg brachte für Sachsen 1756 den Absturz. Die zu kleine sächsische Armee kapitulierte unter Graf Rutowski kampflos am Lilienstein, August III. und sein Hof zogen nach Warschau um, wo sie bis zum Endedes Krieges in relativer politischer Ohnmacht verblieben. Sachsen, nun behelfsweise von den Preußen und von einigen Kabinettsministern verwaltet, wurde zum Kriegsschauplatz und litt unter den hohen Kontributionen beider Seiten. Es bezahlte zweifellos einen großen Teil der preußischen Kriegskosten (XSachsen ist wie ein Mehlsack, egal wie oft man draufschlägt, es kommt immer noch etwas heraus.X Zitat: Friedrich II. v. Preußen zugeschrieben). Dresden selbst wechselte die Besatzung und wurde von Friedrich II. 1760 belagert, was umfangreiche Zerstörungen zur Folge hatte.

Als der Siebenjährige Krieg im Hubertusburger Frieden 1763 zu Ende ging, war das bis dahin recht wohlhabende Sachsen ruiniert, was der Hof nur ungern zur Kenntnis nahm. Auf die Vergabe der polnischen Krone hatte Sachsen zudem keinerlei Einfluss: Polen-Litauen war mehr denn je unter die Vorherrschaft Russlands geraten; den Nachfolger August III., StanisXaw August Poniatowski, bestimmte die Zarin Katharina II. Dauerhafteren Nachruhm bescherte jedoch dem Kurfürst-König seine eingangs erwähnte Liebe zur Kunst.

Baumaßnahmen in Sachsen [Bearbeiten]

* Schloss Hubertusburg

* Katholische Hofkirche, Dresden

* Spitzhaus in Radebeul 1749 nach Plänen von Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann

Baumaßnahmen in Warschau [Bearbeiten]

* Sächsisches Palais (zerstört 1944)

* Brühlsches Palais (zerstört 1944)

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Am 20. August 1719 heiratete er in Wien

* Maria Josefa Benedikta Antonia Theresia Xaveria Philippine (1699X1757), Erzherzogin von Österreich. Sie hatten gemeinsam folgende fünfzehn Kinder, von denen elf das Kindesalter überlebten:

o Friedrich August Franz Xaver (* 18. November 1720 in Dresden; X 22. Januar 1721 ebd.), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Kurprinz von Sachsen

o Joseph August Wilhelm Friedrich Franz Xaver Johann Nepomuk (* 24. Oktober 1721 in Pillnitz; X 14. März 1728 in Dresden), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Kurprinz von Sachsen

o Friedrich Christian Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xaver (1722X1763), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Kurfürst von Sachsen

o totgeborene Tochter (*/X 23. Juni 1723 in Dresden)

o Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga (1724X1760), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen X Karl, Herzog von Parma und Piacenza, König von Spanien, Neapel und Sizilien

o Maria Margareta Franziska Xaveria (* 13. September 1727 in Dresden; X 1. Februar 1734 ebd.), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen

o Maria Anna Sophie Sabina Angela Franziska Xaveria (1728X1797), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen X Maximilian III. Joseph, Kurfürst von Bayern

o Franz Xaver Albert August Ludwig Benno (1730X1806), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Prinz von Sachsen, Graf von der Lausitz, Administrator von Sachsen

o Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria (1731X1767), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen X Ludwig Ferdinand, Dauphin von Frankreich

o Karl Christian Joseph Ignaz Eugen Franz Xaver (1733X1796), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog von Kurland und Semgallen

o Maria Christina Anna Theresia Salomea Eulalia Franziska Xaveria (1735X1782), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen, Sternkreuzordensdame und Fürstäbtissin in Remiremont

o Maria Elisabeth Apollonia Kasimira Franziska Xaveria (* 9. Februar 1736 in Warschau; X 24. Dezember 1818 in Dresden), Prinzessin von Polen und Sachsen, Sternkreuzordensdame

o Albert Kasimir August Ignaz Pius Franz Xaver (1738X1822), Königlicher Prinz von Polen, Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog von Teschen und Generalstatthalter der Österreichischen Niederlande

o Clemens Wenceslaus August Hubertus Franz Xaver (1739X1812), Königlicher Prinz von Polen und Prinz von Sachsen, Domherr zu Köln, Propst von St. Johann und Ellwangen, Fürstbischof von Freising, Regensburg und Augsburg, Kurfürst und Erzbischof von Trier

o Maria Kunigunde Dorothea Hedwig Franziska Xaveria Florentina (1740X1826), Königliche Prinzessin von Polen und Prinzessin von Sachsen, Sternkreuzordensdame, Kanonisse zu Münsterbilsen, Fürstäbtissin von Thorn und Essen

Trivia [Bearbeiten]

In der Filmreihe Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria wurde er vom Schauspieler Rolf Hoppe verkörpert.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* Jacek Staszewski: August III. Kurfürst von Sachsen und König von Polen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-05-002600-6

* Thomas Niklas: Friedrich August II (1733-1763) und Friedrich Christian (1763). In: Frank-Lothar Kroll (Hrsg.): Die Herrscher Sachsens Markgrafen, Kurfürsten, Könige 1089 - 1918. C. H. Beck, München 2005, ISBN 3-406-52206-8,S. 192X222.

* Ariane James-Sarazin, « Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743), portraitiste et conseiller artistique des princes Électeurs de Saxe et rois de Pologne, Auguste II et Auguste III », dans catalogue de lXexposition Dresde ou le rêve desprinces, la Galerie de peintures au XVIIIe siècle, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, Paris, RMN, 2001, p. 136-142.

* Heinrich Theodor Flathe: Friedrich August II.. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 7. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, S. 784X786.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

*

Commons Commons: August III. (Polen) X Sammlung von Bildern und/oder Videos und Audiodateien

* Literatur von und über August III. (Polen) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (Datensatz zu August III. (Polen) X PICA-Datensatz X Apper-Personensuche)

* Biographie über August III. (Polen)



Vorgänger

Friedrich August I.

Kurfürst von Sachsen

1733X1763 Nachfolger

Friedrich Christian

Vorgänger

August II. und Stanislaus I. (als Gegenkönig)

König von Polen und

Großherzog von Litauen

1733/36X1763 Nachfolger

Stanislaus II.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland

Augustus III of Poland

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Augustus III

(Frederick Augustus II)

King of Poland; Elector of Saxony

King of Poland

Reign 1734 X 5 October 1763

Predecessor StanisXaw LeszczyXski

Successor StanisXaw August Poniatowski

Elector of Saxony

Predecessor Frederick Augustus I

Successor Frederick Christian

Spouse Maria Josepha of Austria

More

Issue

Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony

Maria Amalia, Queen of Spain

Maria Anna Sophia, Electress of Bavaria

Prince Franz Xavier

Maria Josepha, Dauphine of France

Carl, Duke of Courland

Maria Christina, Princess-Abbess of Remiremont

Albert, Duke of Teschen

Clemens Wenceslaus, Archbishop of Trier

Princess Maria Kunigunde, Princess-Abbess of Thorn and Essen

House House of Wettin

Father Augustus II the Strong

Mother Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Born 17 October 1696

Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Died 5 October 1763

Dresden, Saxony, Germany

Burial Dresden, family vault at Katholische Hofkirche

Signature

Coat of arms of PolishXLithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of House of Wettin

Augustus III, known as the Saxon Polish: August III Sas; German: August III. von Polen; also Prince-elector Friedrich August II (Dresden, 17 October 1696 X 5 October 1763 in Dresden) was the Elector of Saxony in 1733-1763, as Frederick Augustus II (German: Kurfürst Friedrich August II.), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1734-1763.

Contents

[show]

* 1 Biography

* 2 Marriage and children

* 3 Royal titles

* 4 Ancestry

* 5 Construction work at castles

* 6 See also

* 7 References

[edit] Biography

Augustus was the only legitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, Imperial Prince-Elector of Saxony and monarch of the PolishXLithuanian Commonwealth, by his wife, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. He was groomed to succeed his father as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and thus in 1721, converted to Catholicism.

After his father's death, he inherited Saxony and was elected King of Poland, with the support of Russian and Austrian military forces in the War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738). As King, Augustus III was uninterested in theaffairs of his Polish-Lithuanian dominion, focusing on interests like hunting, opera and collecting paintings (see Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister). During his 30-year reign, he spent less than a total of three years in Poland, wherethe struggle between the House of Czartoryski and the Potocki paralysed the Sejm (Liberum Veto), fostering internal political anarchy and further weakening the PolishXLithuanian Commonwealth. Augustus III delegated most of his powers and responsibilities to Heinrich von Brühl, who became quasi-dictator of Poland.

The thirty years of Augustus III's reign saw the Seven Years' War (1754 and 1756X1763) among them.

His eldest surviving son, Frederick Christian, eventually succeeded his father as Elector of Saxony, but not as King of Poland. It was StanisXaw August Poniatowski, who was elected King of the PolishXLithuanian Commonwealth, after a coup d'état by the House of Czartoryski, supported by Russian troops on 7 September 1764.

[edit] Marriage and children

In Dresden on 20 August 1719, Augustus married the Archduchess, Maria Josepha of Austria, daughter of Joseph I, the Holy Roman Emperor. They had fifteen children:

* Frederick Augustus Franz Xavier (b. Dresden, 18 November 1720 - d. Dresden, 22 January 1721).

* Joseph Augustus Wilhelm Frederick Franz Xavier Johann Nepomuk (b. Pillnitz, 24 October 1721 - d. Dresden, 14 March 1728).

* Frederick Christian Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xavier (b. Dresden, 5 September 1722 - d. Dresden, 17 December 1763), successor to his father as Elector of Saxony.

* Stillborn daughter (Dresden, 23 June 1723).

* Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga (b. Dresden, 24 November 1724 - d. Buen Retiro, 27 September 1760); married on 19 June 1738 to Charles VII, King of Naples, later King Charles III of Spain.

* Maria Margaretha Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 13 September 1727 - d. Dresden, 1 February 1734).

* Maria Anna Sophie Sabina Angela Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 29 August 1728 - d. Munich, 17 February 1797); married on 9 August 1747 to Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria.

* Franz Xavier Albert August Ludwig Benno (b. Dresden, 25 August 1730 - d. Dresden, 21 June 1806), Regent of Saxony (1763-1768).

* Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 4 November 1731 - d. Versailles, 13 March 1767); married on 9 February 1747 to Louis, Dauphin of France (1729X1765), son of Louis XV of France (she was the mother of Kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X) of France.

* Karl Christian Joseph Ignaz Eugen Franz Xavier (b. Dresden, 13 July 1733 - d. Dresden, 16 June 1796), Duke of Courland and Zemgale (1758-1763).

* Maria Christina Anna Teresia Salomea Eulalia Franziska Xaveria (b. Warsaw, 12 February 1735 - d. Brumath, 19 November 1782), Princess-Abbess of Remiremont. [1]

* Maria Elisabeth Apollonia Casimira Francisca Xaveria (b. Warsaw, 9 February 1736 - d. Dresden, 24 December 1818). [2]

* Albert Kasimir August Ignaz Pius Franz Xavier (b. Moritzburg, near Dresden, 11 July 1738 - d. Vienna, 10 February 1822), Duke of Teschen and Governor of the Austrian Netherlands (1781-1793).

* Clemens Wenceslaus August Hubertus Franz Xavier (b. Schloss Hubertusburg, Wermsdorf, 28 September 1739 - d. Marktoberdorf, Allgäu, 27 July 1812), Archbishop of Trier.

* Maria Kunigunde Dorothea Hedwig Franziska Xaveria Florentina (b. Warsaw, 10 November 1740 - d. Dresden, 8 April 1826), Princess-Abbess of Thorn and Essen; nearly married Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans; Philippe Égalité.

[edit] Royal titles

* Royal titles in Latin: Augustus tertius, Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniæ, Russiæ, Prussiæ, Masoviæ, Samogitiæ, Kijoviæ, Volhiniæ, Podoliæ, Podlachiæ, Livoniæ, Smolensciæ, Severiæ, Czerniechoviæque, nec non hæreditarius dux Saxoniæ et princeps elector. [3]

* English translation: August III, by the grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia (i.e. Galicia), Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia, Chernihiv,and also hereditary Duke of Saxony and Prince-elector.

Construction work at castles

* Hubertusburg

* Katholische Hofkirche, Dresden

* Saxon Palace, Warsaw (destroyed 1944)

* Brühl Palace, Warsaw (destroyed 1944)

[edit] See also

* History of Poland (1569X1795)

* Mass in B Minor

This page was last modified on 3 July 2010 at 11:28.

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Augustus III of Poland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Augustus III (Augustus III the Saxon or the Corpulent; German: August III. von Polen; Polish: August III Sas, August III Gruby; b. Dresden, 17 October 1696 - d. Dresden, 5 October 1763) was the Elector of Saxony in 1733-1763 (as Frederick Augustus II (German: Kurfürst Friedrich August II.) and also King of Poland in 1734-1763.

Royal titles

Royal titles in Latin: Augustus III, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russie, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podoliae, Podlachiae, Livoniae, Smolensciae, Severiae, Czerniechoviae, nec non haereditarius dux Saxoniae princeps et elector etc.

English translation: August III, by the grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia (i.e. Galicia), Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Kyiv, Volhynia, Podolia, Podlachia, Livonia, Smolensk, Severia, Chernihiv, and also hereditary Duke of Saxony, prince and Elector, etc.

Biography

Augustus was the only legitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, Imperial Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, by his wife, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. He was groomed to succeed his father as King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and thus in 1721 converted to Catholicism.

After his father's death, he inherited Saxony and was elected King of Poland with the support of Russian and Austrian military forces in the War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738).

As King, August III was uninterested in the affairs of his Polish-Lithuanian dominion, focussing on interests like hunting, opera, and collecting paintings (see Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister). During his 30-year reign, he spent less than a total of three years in Poland, where the struggle between the Czartoryski and the Potocki paralysed the Sejm (Liberum Veto), fostering internal political anarchy and further weakening the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. August delegated most of his powers and responsibilities to Heinrich, Count von Brühl, who became quasi-dictator of Poland.

The thirty years of August III's reign saw the Seven Years' War (1754 and 1756X1763), and neighboring Prussia, Austria, and Russia refined their plans to partition the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth among them.

His eldest surviving son, Frederick Christian, eventually succeeded his father as Elector of Saxony, but not as King of Poland. It was StanisXaw August Poniatowski who was elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after a coup d'état by the Czartoryski Familia X supported by Russian troops X on September 7, 1764.

[edit]Marriage and children

In Dresden on 20 August 1719, Augustus married with the Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I. They had fifteen children:

Frederick Augustus Franz Xavier (b. Dresden, 18 November 1720 - d. Dresden, 22 January 1721).

Joseph Augustus Wilhelm Frederick Franz Xavier Johann Nepomuk (b. Pillnitz, 24 October 1721 - d. Dresden, 14 March 1728).

Frederick Christian Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xaver (b. Dresden, 5 September 1722 - d. Dresden, 17 December 1763), succesor of his father as Elector of Saxony.

Stillborn daughter (Dresden, 23 June 1723).

Maria Amalia Christina Franziska Xaveria Flora Walburga (b. Dresden, 24 November 1724 - d. Buen Retiro, 27 September 1760); married on 19 June 1738 to Charles VII, King of Naples, later King Charles III of Spain.

Maria Margaretha Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 13 September 1727 - d. Dresden, 1 February 1734).

Maria Anna Sophie Sabina Angela Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 29 August 1728 - d. Munich, 17 February 1797); married on 9 August 1747 to Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria.

Franz Xavier Albert August Ludwig Benno (b. Dresden, 25 August 1730 - d. Dresden, 21 June 1806), Regent of Saxony (1763-1768).

Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria (b. Dresden, 4 November 1731 - d. Versailles, 13 March 1767); married on 9 February 1747 to the Dauphin Louis, son of King Louis XV of France (she was the mother of King Louis XVIof France).

Karl Christian Joseph Ignaz Eugen Franz Xaver (b. Dresden, 13 July 1733 - d. Dresden, 16 June 1796), Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1758-1763).

Maria Christina Anna Teresia Salomea Eulalia Franziska Xaveria (b. Warsaw, 12 February 1735 - d. Brumath, 19 November 1782), Princess-Abbess of Remiremont. [1]

Maria Elisabeth Apollonia Casimira Francisca Xaveria (b. Warsaw, 9 February 1736 - d. Dresden, 24 December 1818). [2]

Albert Kasimir Augustus Ignaz Pius Franz Xavier (b. Moritzburg, near Dresden, 11 July 1738 - d. Vienna, 10 February 1822), Duke of Teschen and Governor of the Austrian Netherlands (1781-1793).

Clemens Wenceslaus August Hubertum Franz Xavier (b. Schloss Hubertusburg, Wermsdorf, 28 September 1739 - d. Marktoberdorf, Allgäu, 27 July 1812), Archbishop-Elector of Trier.

Maria Kunigunde Dorothea Hedwig Franziska Xaveria Florentina (b. Warsaw, 10 November 1740 - d. Dresden, 8 April 1826), Princess-Abbess of Thorn and Essen.

Friedrich giftet seg med Maria Josepha of Austria, Queen consort of Poland 20 Aug 1719, Vienna, Austria. Maria ble født 8 Des 1699 , Vienna, Austria; døde 17 Nov 1757, Dresden, Germany; ble begravet , Catholic Court Church, Dresden, Germany. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:about_me} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_J%C3%B3zefa_Habsbur%C5%BCanka

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Josepha_von_%C3%96sterreich_%281699%E2%80%931757%29

http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=4803

Notater:

{geni:about_me} *Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece
*August der Starke/August the Strong
*August Mocny


==Links:==

*[http://thepeerage.com/p11152.htm#i111511 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=4461 Geneall]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_II_the_Strong Wikipedia]
*'''Elector of Saxony:''' Reign 27 April 1694 X 1 February 1733
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/John-George-IV-Elector-of-Saxony/6000000001469968240 John George IV] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/Auguste-III/5318646737330089414 Frederick Augustus II]
*'''King of Poland:''' Reign 15 September 1697X1706 Coronation: 15 September 1697 Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/John-III-Sobieski-King-of-Poland/6000000002842160255 John III] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/Stanis%C5%82aw-Leszczy%C5%84ski-king-of-Poland/6000000000845147888 StanisXaw I]
*'''King of Poland:''' Reign 1709 X 1 February 1733
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/Stanis%C5%82aw-Leszczy%C5%84ski-king-of-Poland/6000000000845147888 StanisXaw I] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/Stanis%C5%82aw-Leszczy%C5%84ski-king-of-Poland/6000000000845147888 StanisXaw I]

Friedrich giftet seg med Christiane Eberhardine Eberhardine 20 Jan 1693, Bayreuth, Oberfranken, Bayern, Germany. Christiane (datter av Christian Ernst von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Markgraf og Sophie Luise Württemberg, Markgräfin zu Brandenburg-Bayreuth) ble født 19 Des 1671 , Bayreuth, Oberfranken, Bayern, Germany; døde 4 Sep 1727, Pretzsch (Elbe); ble begravet , Queen Consort. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death) and titular, Queen of the PolishXLithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727

{geni:about_me} http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystyna_Eberhardyna_Hohenzollern%C3%B3wna