Notater:

{geni:occupation} Duchess Consort of Orléans

{geni:about_me} Seconde épouse de Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans, dit "Monsieur", frère du roi Louis XIV. Née le 27 mai 1652 à Heidelberg, morte le 8 décembre 1722 à Saint-Cloud.

Son titre exact, tel qu'il figure dans son contrat de mariage, est "Elisabeth-Charlotte, Princesse Électorale Palatine du Rhin". Toutefois, comme elle est issue de la branche aînée de la maison de Wittelsbach, dont la branche cadette règne alors sur la Bavière, une confusion s'établit chez ses contemporains, qui prennent l'habitude de la nommer assez inexactement Charlotte-Elisabeth de Bavière.

La tradition respecte cet usage, et c'est ainsi qu'elle est toujours communément appelée aujourd'hui. Elle est également très souvent appelée "la Princesse Palatine", mais cette appellation est postérieure, car pour ses contemporains, français du moins, ce titre désigne exclusivement Anne de Gonzague de Clèves (1616+1684), épouse de son oncle Edouard (1625+1663). Enfin, pour tous les membres de sa famille allemande, elle est simplement "Liselotte".

Sommaire

1 Biographie

2 Xuvres

3 Voir aussi

3.1 Bibliographie

3.2 Liens externes

4 Source partielle





Biographie



La Princesse Palatine peinte par Nicolas de Largillière (Château de Chantilly)Elle est issue du mariage en 1650 (suivi d'un divorce en 1657) de l'Electeur Palatin Charles Ier Louis , (1617-1680), comte palatin du Rhin et de Charlotte de Hesse-Cassel (1627-1686).

Elle épouse en 1671 le frère de Louis XIV, Philippe de France (« Monsieur »), ce qui fait d'elle la duchesse d'Orléans ou « Madame ». Leur fils aîné, Alexandre-Édouard meurt à 3 ans, l'affectant profondément(1676), leur second fils Philippe d'Orléans devient régent à la mort de Louis XIV. Leur fille Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (°1676 X1744) épouse le duc de Lorraine et de Bar Léopold Ier devient régente des duchés puis princesse souveraine de Commercy. Ces derniers sont les grands-parents paternels de la reine Marie-Antoinette (°1755 X1793) et les ancêtres de la famille de Habsbourg-Lorraine. Après cette troisième naissance, le couple décide d'un commun accord de faire chambre àpart, pour le plus grand plaisir de chacun !

Originaire d'une petite cour allemande cultivée, elle est élevée dans la religion réformée à Heidelberg puis à partir du divorce de ses parents, par sa tante la duchesse de Hanovre. Celle-ci lui donne une éducation humaniste, sachant aimer la nature, Montaigne, Rabelais et la liberté, elle ne s'est jamais sentie très à son aise à la cour de Versailles régie par une étiquette rigoureuse, et où fleurissent des intrigues de toutes sortes, et où les relationshumaines ne sont basées que sur l'intérêt et l'égoïsme. En outre, si, comme l'observe un historien, "dans la fraîcheur de ses vingt ans, Madame n'était pas désagréable à regarder", son physique est très rapidement compromis par un embonpoint considérable, dont elle parle elle-même en évoquant "sa taille monstrueuse de grosseur".

Son mari, de toute façon indifférent aux charmes féminins, ne lui montre que l'empressement strictement nécessaire pour assurer une descendance. Pétillante d'esprit, indépendante, la princesse se consacre alors à une correspondance très abondante. Ses lettres, au nombre de 60 000, rédigées dans un style savoureux, constituent une source d'informations précieuse sur la vie à la cour de France. La princesse reste allemande de cXur et elle abhore la cour et l'étiquette. Si on l'en croit ses lettres, la dépravation attribuée à la Régence règne déjà dans toute la seconde moitié du grand règne.



La princesse palatine présentant l'Electeur de Saxe à Louis XIV.Consciente de son rang et de ses devoirs, elle ne dissimule pas ses antipathies, en particulier contre sa deuxième belle-sXur, Madame de Maintenon, qu'elle surnomme (entre autres mille amabilités) « la vieille ripopée » (mélange de restes de vin), « l'ordure du roi », « la vieille sorcière », et même « la vieille touffe » ou «la vieille conne ». Elle ne recule pas, on le voit, devant le mot trivial. Méprisant la famille illégitime du roi, elle surnomme par exemple le comte de Toulouse (fils du roi et de madame de Montespan) « la chiure de souris », ou, à propos de la sXur de ce dernier, Mademoiselle de Blois, que sonfils Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723) a épousée, écrit : « Ma belle-fille ressemble à un cul comme deux gouttes d'eau ». Elle s'est d'ailleurs fortement indignée de ce mariage, Mademoiselle de Blois bien que fille légitimée du Roi,restant issue d'une union adultérine de ce dernier avec Mme de Montespan.

d'après le seul duc de Saint-Simon, elle serait allée jusqu'à gifler son fils sous les yeux de toute la Cour quand elle apprend qu'il a accepté ces épousailles qu'elle juge indignes de son rang. En revanche, elle montre toujours le plus grand respect envers le roi, tout en déplorant l'influence des gens qui l'entourent. Elle parle souvent de son fils en déplorant ses mauvaises fréquentations mais en admirant son intelligence et ses succès militaires. Par contre, elle se montre une mère attentive, et sa correspondance avec sa fille, la duchesse de Lorraine et de Bar, (détruite en grande partie en 1719) est pleine de conseils maternels.

La princesse suit les débats d'idées de son temps et entretient même une correspondance avec Leibniz, mais elle ne partage pas le penchant de plus en plus dévôt que suit le règne de Louis XIV. Elle partage dans ses lettres ses doutes sur de nombreux points de religion. Elle-même protestante convertie par devoir au catholicisme, à Metz, pour pouvoir épouser le frère du roi de France, elle reste fidèle dans son cXur à la foi de son enfance, et du reste, témoin de la révocation de l'Édit de Nantes, elle ne comprend pas pourquoi des peuples peuvent se dresser les uns contre les autres sur des points qui lui paraissent mineurs. Jamais elle ne se console de la détresse du Palatinat, sa région d'origine, ravagée par les armées du roi son beau-frère et tient Vauban pour responsable de la mort de son père et de son frère. Jusque dans les dernières années elle regrette sa jeunesse à Heidelberg. Elle souffre aussi des avanies et des intrigues de l'entourage de son mari.



Xuvres



Portrait de Charlotte-Elisabeth de BavièreOn a publié en 1788 des fragments des Lettres originales de Madame, etc., écrites de 1715 à 1720 au duc Ulric de Brunswick et à la princesse de Galles; réimprimés en 1823 sous le titre deMémoires sur la cour de Louis XIV et de la Régence, extraits de la correspondance de Mme Elisabeth Charlotte, etc.

Sa Correspondance complète (sic) a été traduite de l'allemand et publiée en 1855 par G. Brunet. Les lettres sont le plus souvent assez mal traduites, voire forgées artificiellement en compilant des extraits de plusieurs lettres différentes en une seule, assortie d'une date de fantaisie. De plus, tous les passages jugés trop crus (et Dieu sait si Madame en était prodigue) sont naturellement censurés. Plusieurs autres éditions ont suivi. Toutes ne contiennent pas la lettre fameuse, citée par les frères Goncourt, dans laquelle la princesse décrit à sa tante Sophie de Hanovre, avec force détails scatologiques et sur un mode humoristique, la difficulté de déféquer à Fontainebleau (6 juin 1794). Elle a également écrit de nombreuses lettres en français, éditées par Dirk Van der Cruysse en 1989.

Il existe également un curieux livre, « Mélanges historiques, anecdotiques et critiques sur la fin du règne de Louis XIV et le commencement de celui de Louis XV par Madame la Princesse Élisabeth-Charlotte de Bavière, seconde femme de Monsieur, frère de Louis-le-Grand : (souvenirs) précédés d'une NOTICE SUR LA VIE DE CETTE ILLUSTRE PRINCESSE rédigée par MAUBUY ». L'ensemble représentant une table des matières de 50 chapitres évoquant, et au passage étrillant, un grand nombre de personnages de la cour en commençant par le Roi lui-même, son caractère et ses mXurs, sa conduite à l'égard de son épouse, ses amours, sa mort. Puis vient l'évocation des favorites royales : Fontanges,La Vallière, Montespan, Maintenon etc... Nous connaissons une publication de cet ouvrage en 1807 "A PARIS chez LEOPOLD-COLLIN, libraire, rue Gît-le-Coeur N°4. (E.O. ?)

English:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate#Ancestry

Deutsch:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liselotte_von_der_Pfalz

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Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (German: Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz May 27, 1652 X October 9 /December 8, 1722) was a German princess by birth, wife of Philippe, duc d'Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV of France.Proud, blunt, opinionated and prolific, her vast correspondence provides a detailed account of the personalities and activities at the court of Louis XIV, her brother-in-law.

Early life

Born May 27, 1652 in the castle at Heidelberg, to Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel. In childhood she became known as Liselotte - a mixture of her names. Her parents were in an unhappy dynastic marriage and in 1653 her father began an affair with Marie Luise von Degenfeld, one of his wife's attendants. He purported to marry her without benefit of a judicial divorce, eventually prompting Liselotte's mother to return to her paternal home. Their daughter was five years old when she was sent to live with her father's sister, Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover.

She always remembered her time with her aunt as the happiest of her life, although she became close enough to her younger half-sisters to correspond with them at at least weekly after she married. In 1663 Liselotte had to move back to Heidelberg where she lived with her stepmother, fifteen half-siblings, and brother, the future Charles II, Elector Palatine.

. Several marriage alliances with German princes were considered, but all were declined prior to her engagement to the French king's widowed brother.

[edit]Names

She is known by different names and styles in different languages with:

Variations of her given names, such as Charlotte Elisabeth, Elisabeth Charlotte and Liselotte

Variations of her titles and territorial designations, such as Electoral Princess, Princess Palatine, of the Palatinate, of the Rhine, etc (also in respective forms in French and German)

At any rate, the dynastic titles she was entitled to were Countess Palatine of the Rhine and Duchess of Bavaria.

[edit]Marriage

On November 16, 1671 she was married by proxy at Metz. By prearrangement, after leaving her father's realm but prior to arriving in France, she formally converted to Roman Catholicism. She never saw her homeland again. At the French court, her husband was known by the traditional honorific of Monsieur. As his wife, Elizabeth Charlotte assumed the style of Madame.

[edit]Monsieur

The homosexual proclivities of her husband, Monsieur, were well known at court. Elisabeth Charlotte even confided that he needed "rosaries and holy medals draped in the appropriate places to perform the necessary act" with her.[1]

Apparently she did not mind that her husband was homosexual, but objected to money spent on his favorites and the exercise of their influence with him to enrich themselves.[2] She said on the subject:

I could put up with it if Monsieur only squandered his money in gaming, but sometimes he gives away as much as 100,000 francs at one swoop, and all the economies fall upon me and the children. That is not at all pleasant, besidesputting me in a position where, as God is my witness, we would have to live entirely on the King's charity, which is a miserable thing.[3]

Madame had apartments at Versailles, use of various châteaux around France, and use of the beautiful château de Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris, which was the couple's main residence when not at the palace of Versailles.

The marriage at first proved to be happy, with the birth of two male heirs. After the death of the couple's first son, the duc de Valois, she experienced depression and worried about her third pregnancy (with Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans). After this birth, the relationship between husband and wife was never as close as it had been. The couple had the following children:

Children

Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, styled duc de Valois (b. St.Cloud, 2 June 1673 X d. Paris, 16 March 1676).

Philippe, duc II d'Orléans (b. St.Cloud, 2 August 1674 X d. Versailles, 2 December 1723)

Married Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan.

Regent of France for Louis XV on the death of his uncle Louis XIV in 1715 and served in that capacity until his own death in 1723.

Ancestor of the House of Orléans, including the modern Orleanist pretender, Henri, comte de Paris, duc de France.

Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (b. St.Cloud, 13 September 1676 X d. Commercy, 24 December 1744)

Married Leopold, Duke of Lorraine.

Through Élisabeth Charlotte, she became grandmother of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, husband of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and father of Marie Antoinette.

After the birth of their daughter, known as Mademoiselle de Chartres, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations.[4] Monsieur turned to his mignons, and Madame to her writing.

Her letters to her aunt Sophia and others created not only a vivid picture of life during the reign of Louis XIV, but also of the Regency era of her son, Philippe. They reflect her alienation from her husband and other family members, as well as her warm relations with the king, and with her son and daughter.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the wife of Elector George William of Brandenburg, see Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597-1660).

Mergefrom.svg

It has been suggested that Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

Duchess of Orléans

Spouse Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans

Detail

Issue

Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois

Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans

Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine

Father Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine

Mother Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel

Born 27 May 1652(1652-05-27)

Heidelberg Castle, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Died 8 December 1722 (aged 70)

Château de Saint-Cloud near Paris, France

Burial Basilica of Saint Denis, Saint-Denis, France

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchess of Orléans (German: Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz Heidelberg, 27 May 1652 X Saint-Cloud, 8 December 1722) was a German princess and the wife of Philippe de France, younger brother of Louis XIV of France. Her vast correspondence provides a detailed account of the personalities and activities at the court of her brother-in-law, Louis XIV.

She and her husband, the Duke of Orléans, were the founders of the modern House of Orléans - their only surviving son, Philippe Charles d'Orléans, being the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV of France. She was alsoan ancestress of Francis I and Louis Philippe I and thus many royal houses in Europe such as the Spanish, Italian, Bulgarian, Austrian, Tuscan, and Neapolitan royal families are descended from her.

Contents

[show]

* 1 Biography

o 1.1 Marriage

o 1.2 Court Life

* 2 Issue

* 3 Nature and Appearance

* 4 Ancestry

* 5 Titles and Styles

* 6 Notes

* 7 Further reading

* 8 Titles

[edit] Biography

Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz was born on 27 May 1652 in the Heidelberg Castle, to Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel.[1]

In childhood she became known as Liselotte - a mixture of her names. Her parents were in an unhappy dynastic marriage and in 1653 her father began an affair with Marie Luise von Degenfeld, one of his wife's attendants. He purported to marry her without benefit of a judicial divorce, and claimed to have done so to legitimise the bastard children.[2] Their daughter was five years old when she was sent to live with her father's sister, Sophia, wife of ErnestAugustus, Elector of Hanover.

She always remembered her time with her aunt as the happiest of her life, although she became close enough to her younger half-sisters to correspond with them at least weekly after she married. In 1663, Liselotte had to move backto Heidelberg where she lived with her stepmother, fifteen half-siblings, and brother, the future Charles II, Elector Palatine.

She had purportedly desired to marry her cousin William III of Orange, who would later become King of England, though her family believed that sacrifices needed to be made in order to make a more beneficial marriage with the recently widowed brother of the King of France, formerly married to her father's first cousin, Princess Henrietta Anne of England.[2]

[edit] Marriage

On 16 November 1671, she was married by proxy at Metz. By prearrangement, after leaving her father's realm but prior to arriving in France, she formally converted to Roman Catholicism. At the French court, her husband Philippe was known by the traditional honorific of Monsieur. As his wife, Elizabeth Charlotte assumed the style of Madame.

Elizabeth Charlotte was very close to her two stepdaughters Marie Louise and Anne Marie. When Marie Louise left France to marry Charles II of Spain in 1679, Liselotte accompanied her to Orléans.

The homosexual proclivities of her husband were well known at court. Elisabeth Charlotte even confided that he needed "rosaries and holy medals draped in the appropriate places to perform the necessary act" with her.[3]

Elizabeth Charlotte objected to money spent on his favourites and the exercise of their influence with him to enrich themselves.[4] She said on the subject:

I could put up with it if Monsieur only squandered his money in gaming, but sometimes he gives away as much as 100,000 francs at one swoop, and all the economies fall upon me and the children. That is not at all pleasant, besides putting me in a position where, as God is my witness, we would have to live entirely on the King's charity, which is a miserable thing.[5]

Elizabeth Charlotte had apartments at Versailles, use of the Palais-Royal in Paris, and her favourite residence, the beautiful Château de Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris, which was the couple's main residence when not at the Palace of Versailles. Liselotte also had an apartment at the King's private residence, the Château de Marly. In her dowager years she would stay at the Grand Trianon built by her brother in law.

The marriage at first proved to be happy, with the birth of two male heirs. After the death of the couple's first son, the Duke of Valois, she experienced depression and worried about her third pregnancy (with Élisabeth Charlotted'Orléans). After this birth, the relationship between husband and wife was never as close as it had been. The couple had three children;

Liselotte with her children, Philippe and Élisabeth Charlotte.

After the birth of their daughter Élisabeth Charlotte, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations.[6] Philippe turned to his minions, and Elizabeth Charlotte to writing.

Her letters to her aunt Sophia and others created not only a vivid picture of life during the reign of Louis XIV, but also of the Regency era of her son, Philippe. They reflect her alienation from her husband and other family members, as well as her warm relations with the king, and with her son, daughter and her two stepdaughters.

[edit] Court Life

As the king's only brother and sister-in-law, the couple were expected to be in usual attendance at court, where her husband's rank as a fils de France ensured her precedence before all save the queen, and the wives of the king'sson and grandsons X and his current maîtresse-en-titre. This last position rankled her, and she disliked the king's illegitimate children, especially Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine.

Madame de Montespan's youngest daughter, Françoise Marie de Bourbon, would eventually marry her son. No inducements ever reconciled Elizabeth Charlotte to the marriage. When she discovered that her son had agreed to it at the king's insistence, she slapped his face in front of the whole court, and turned her back on the king as he greeted her with a bow. Later, writing on the subject she put:

If, by shedding my own blood, I could have prevented my son's marriage, I would willingly have done so; but since the thing was done, I have had no other wish than to preserve harmony[7]

After the king transferred his affections from La Montespan to La Maintenon, Elizabeth Charlotte became obsessively resentful toward and suspicious of the latter. In her correspondence, Elisabeth Charlotte refers to her as the "King's old drab", the "old witch", and the "old whore".[8]

In addition to letters to her aunt Sophia and her morganatic half-sisters the Raugravines, she also corresponded with the former's courtier Gottfried Leibniz, although they never met. After he died, she insisted that the Académiedes Sciences, of which he had been a member, honour his passing.[citation needed] The resulting eulogy to Leibniz, by Fontenelle, was the only one ever delivered anywhere.

When the Simmern branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty became extinct in the male line with the death of her brother Karl II in 1685, Louis XIV sent troops to claim the Palatinate in his sister-in-law's name, launching the War of theGrand Alliance (1688X1697).

On 9 June 1701, her husband of just under thirty years died of a stroke at the château de Saint-Cloud. Earlier, he had a heated argument with his brother at the Château de Marly about the conduct of his son X who was also the king's son-in-law.

After her husband's death, Elizabeth Charlotte feared that the king would send her to a convent, as stipulated in her marriage contract. Instead she was confronted with secretly-made excerpts of her all-too-candid letters to correspondents abroad. She was warned to change her attitude toward Madame de Maintenon.

Liselotte in later life, by Hyacinthe Rigaud.

She remained welcome at court. She was allowed to keep her apartments at all the royal residences and retained her rank. From her husband, she inherited 40,000 livres a year. Louis XIV added 250,000 livres, and her son promised her another 200,000.[9] Some time after Philippe's death, she wrote:

If those who are in the next world could know what was happening in this one, I think His Grace, the late Monsieur, would be most pleased with me, for I have gone through his boxes to find all the letters written to him by his boyfriends and have burnt them unread, so that they will not fall into other people's hands...then...I receive great comfort from the King, otherwise I could not endure my position. When the King speaks about Monsieur he is quite moved

[10]

In 1715, Louis XIV died aged seventy-seven at the Palace of Versailles. In his will, he divided the regnal prerogatives among relatives and courtiers, allocating to his legitimised son, the Duke of Maine, guardianship of the new king, Louis XV, who was five years old. The Parlement of Paris overturned the will's provisions at the request of Elizabeth Charlotte's son, who thus became regent.

In her memoirs, Elizabeth Charlotte describes the new era of the Regency. Although no longer outranked by any woman at court and freed from the imagined persecutions of Madame de Maintenon, she did not cease daily complaints to her correspondents about the antics of what she regarded as an increasingly decadent court, about which she wrote:

I believe that the histories that will be written about this court after we are gone will be better and more entertaining than any novel, and I am afraid that those who come after us will not be able to believe them and thinkthey are just fairy tales. [10]

Elizabeth Charlotte died at the age of seventy on 8 December 1722, at the château de Saint-Cloud.

Her descendants by her son form the House of Orléans, which came to the French throne in the person of Louis-Philippe in 1830. Through her daughter, she was ancestress of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and the great-grandmother of Marie Antoinette.

[edit] Issue

Name Portrait Lifespan Notes

Alexandre Louis d'Orléans

Duke of Valois Blason duche fr Orleans (moderne).svg 2 July 1673 X

8 December 1676 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud and died at the Palais-Royal;

Philippe Charles d'Orléans

Duke of Orléans Philippe d'Orleans, regent, et Marie Madeleine de la Vieuville, Comtesse de Parabere (Jean-Baptiste Santerre).jpg 2 August 1674 -

2 December 1723 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud he was titled the Duke of Chartres from birth becoming Duke of Orléans in 1701; Married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon and had issue; died at the Palace of Versailles; Regent of France and Navarre during the minority of Louis XV of France - the era was known as la Régence;

Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans

Duchess of Lorraine and Bar

Princess of Commercy Élisabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Chartres, duchesse de Lorraine.jpg 13 September 1676 X

23 December 1744 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud and married Leopold de Lorraine, Duke of Lorraine in 1698 and had issue; became the Sovereign Princess of Commercy 1737; she died at Commercy; known as Mademoiselle de Chartres;

[edit] Nature and Appearance

She was earthy, even vulgar at times, quoting folksy sayings such as "The snow falls as easily on a cowpat as it does a rose petal." She spoke with a noticeable German accent and disliked dancing, which put her at odds with the French fashion. Compared to her predecessor, Henrietta Anne Stuart, who was pretty and graceful, Elisabeth Charlotte was stolid and Amazonian. She possessed the stamina to hunt all day, refusing to wear the mask that Frenchwomen were accustomed to use to protect their skin while watching their men hunt. Her face developed a ruddy and weather-beaten look.

She walked too rapidly for most courtiers to keep up, save the king. She had a "no-nonsense" attitude[clarification needed], and was not given to gallantry, but lacked the prudery to prevent her ladies-in-waiting from flirting with courtiers or royalty. Her hearty appetite caused her to gain weight as the years went by, and when describing herself she once commented that she would be as good to eat as a roasted suckling pig.

Raised a Protestant, she was not fond of lengthy Latin masses. However she remained virtuous and at times outraged by the open infidelity practiced by the aristocracy. Her views were frequently the opposite of those prevalent at the French court.[11]

She is known by different names and styles in different languages with:

* Variations of her given names, such as Charlotte Elisabeth, Elisabeth Charlotte and Liselotte von der Pfalz

* Variations of her titles and territorial designations, such as Electoral Princess, Princess Palatine, of the Palatinate, of the Rhine, etc (also in respective forms in French and German)

At any rate, the dynastic titles she was entitled to were Countess Palatine of the Rhine and Duchess of Bavaria.

Titles and Styles

* 27 May 1652 X 16 November 1671 Her Serene Highness Elizabeth Charlotte, Countess Palatine of Simmern;

* 16 November 1671 X 9 June 1701 Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Orléans;

o Madame was her general style of address and reference;

* 9 June 1701 X 8 December 1722 Her Royal Highness the Dowager Duchess of Orléans.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Fraser, Antonia, Love and Louis XIV, Anchor Books, 2006, p. 134.

2. ^ a b ib. Fraser, p. 137.

3. ^ ib. Fraser, p. 140.

4. ^ Crompton, Louis, Homosexuality and Civilization Belknap, Cambridge, MA, 2003, p. 348.

5. ^ From translated memoirs of the duchesse d'Orléans by Elisabeth Charlotte, duchesse d'Orléans: [1]

6. ^ ib. Fraser, p 140.

7. ^ Memoirs of the duchesse d'Orléans

8. ^ All from

9. ^ Barker, Nancy Nicholas, Brother to the Sun king: Philippe, Duke of Orléans.[page needed]

10. ^ a b From translated memoirs

11. ^ .ib. Fraser, p.[page needed]

Biography portal

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[edit] Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine

* Life and letters of Charlotte Elizabeth, Princess Palatine and mother of Philipp d'Orléans, régent de France 1652 - 1722, compiled, translated, and gathered from various published and unpublished, Chapman & Hall, London, 1889.

* A woman's life in the court of the Sun King : letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz, 1652X1722, Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orléans, translated by Elborg Forster, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

This page was last modified on 16 July 2010 at 00:39.

Máere du futur Râegent, Philippe d'Orlâeans.

"OF THE PALATINATE"

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Elector Palatine

{geni:about_me} ==Links:==

*[http://thepeerage.com/p11375.htm The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=3900 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_I._Ludwig_(Pfalz)_ Deutsch] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vlotho Battle of Vlotho]
'''Elector of Palatine''' 1648 (1632)-1680
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/304433105310001815 Friederick V] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000007807058254 Charles II]

He was also a knight of the Garter.

OR "CHARLES LOUIS"; ELECTOR PALATINE; DUKE OF BAVARIA; KG

Count Palantine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Restored to the Electorate Palantine in 1648. {BurkeXs Peerage and ChamberXs Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]

Karl giftet seg med Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel, Kurfürstin von der Pfalz 22 Feb 1650, Kassel, Hessen, Deutschland(HRR), og ble skilt 14 Apr 1657 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Charlotte ble født 20 Nov 1627 , Kassel, Hessen, Deutschland(HRR); døde 26 Mar 1686, Heidelberg, Pfalz, Deutschland(HRR). [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Electress Consort of the Palatine, Electress Consort of the Rhineland-Palatinate

{geni:about_me} ==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101414 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=14340 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_von_Hessen-Kassel Deutsch]

OF HESSE-CASSEL

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia / House of Wittelsbach, King of Bohemia, Kfst von der Pfalz (1610-23), King of Bohemia (26.8.1619-9.11.1620) -cr 2.11.1619 - dit Winterkönig, XXXXXXX V XXXXXXXXXX, , von der Pfalz, Friedrich V, ( X )

{geni:about_me} ==Der WinterKönig==

==The Winter King==

Friedrich V von der Pfalz, King of Bohemia was born on 26 August 1596 at Amberg, Germany. He was the son of Friedrich IV Kurfürst von der Pfalz and Louise Juliana van Oranje-Nassau. He married Elizabeth Stuart, Princess of England, daughter of James I Charles Stuart, King of Great Britain and Anne Oldenburg, Princess of Denmark, on 14 February 1613. He died on 29 November 1632 at age 36 at Mainz, Germany.

*Member of the House of Wittelsbach.
*Elector(Kurfürst) von der Pfalz in 1610.
*King of Bohemia in 1619.
*Deposed as King of Bohemia in 1620.
*Deposed as (Elector)Kurfürst von der Pfalz in 1623.

==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10138.htm#i101380 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=3671 Geneall]
*'''Elector Palatine''' Reign 19 September 1610 - 23 February 1623 (12 years, 157 days)
>'''Predecessor''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000006727753675 Frederick IV] '''Successor''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/304435320540004195 Charles I Louis]
*'''King of Bohemia''' Reign 26. August 1619 - 8 November 1620 (1 year, 74 days) Coronation 4. November 1619
>'''Predecessor and Successor''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000001469287004 Ferdinand II]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_V._(Pfalz)_ Deutsch]

Also Elector of Palestine.

OR "FREDERICK HENRY"; ELECTOR PALATINE; DUKE OF BAVARIA; KING OF BOHEMIA
1619-20

Friedrich_V_von_der_Pfalz
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=b1b55032-cf65-4f6a-83e9-1485f73e0bcb&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368125

Elector Palantine who was in 1619 chosen to fill the throne of Bohemia. Next year the "Winter King" was defeated by the Catholic League, and the Bohemian royal family endured sore poverty in Holland. They had a total of 13 children. {ChamberXs Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]

Friedrich giftet seg med Elizabeth Stuart, Kurfürstin von der Pfalz, Königin zu B 14 Feb 1613 til 24 FE, Whitehall, London, England. Elizabeth (datter av James VI and I Charles Stuart, King of Scotland and England og Anne Oldenburg, Queen consort of Scotland, England and I) ble født 19 Aug 1596 , Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland; ble døpt , Westminster Abbey; døde 13 Feb 1662 til cirka F, Leicester House, St. Martin's-in-the-Fields; ble begravet 17 Feb 1662, Westminster Abbey,. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} The Winter Queen, Princess of England / Queen Consort Elizabeth of Bohemia, Queen consort of Bohemia, Queen Consort of Bohemia, Electress Consort of the Palatinate, Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Bohemia/Princess ofEngland

{geni:about_me} ==the Winter Queen==

*Elizabeth Stuart, Princess of England
*by marriage, Electress Palatinate
*Queen Consort of Bohemia on 27 August 1619 - 1620,


==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10138.htm#i101373 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=3667 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Stuart Deutsch]


--------------------
angol királylány

She was the queen consort of Frederick, king of Bohemia (1619-20), born in
Fife, Scotland, daughter of James VI, king of Scotland, later James I of
England. At the age of 17 she was married to Frederick V, elector of the
Palatinate (1596-1632). Frederick, a Protestant, was chosen king of
Bohemia in 1619. In the following year he was defeated and deposed by the
Roman Catholic Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II, a rival claimant to the
Bohemian throne. Frederick and Elizabeth were forced to seek asylum
abroad, eventually settling in The Hague. After her husband's death in
1632, Elizabeth was active in the Protestant cause on the Continent, but
she finally returned to England, where she died and was buried in
Westminster Abbey. Because of her long struggle, many in Protestant Europe
regarded her as a heroine. Her 13 children included Sophia, electress of
Hannover (1630-1714), who was the mother of George I of England.

KNOWN AS "THE WINTER QUEEN"

Elizabeth Stuart
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=ca6acc10-0ef1-4ada-b035-2e2295ac795d&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368126

Notater:

{geni:occupation} 19 June 1566 X 24 July 1567:, King of Great Britain / 2nd Lord Ardmannoch / 2nd Duke of Albany, King of England and Scotland, King: Scotland (1567 - 1603); England & Scotland (1603 - 1625), King of Scotland, King of England, and King of Ireland

{geni:about_me} *James Charles Stuart
*Duke of Rothesay on 19 June 1566.
*Prince of Scotland on 19 June 1566.
*2nd Earl of Ross [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.
*2nd Lord Ardmannoch [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.
*2nd Duke of Albany [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.
*King James VI of Scotland on 24 July 1567.
*Crowned King of Scotland on 29 July 1567 at Church of the Holy Rood, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland.
*King James I of Great Britain on 24 March 1603.
*Crowned King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith on 25 July 1603 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.
*Knights of the Order of the Garter (375) - 1590

'''Links:'''
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10137.htm#i101370 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=3400 Geneall]
*'''King of Scots:''' Reign 24. July 1567 X 27. March 1625, Coronation 29. July 1567
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000003234018546 Mary] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/4498828 Charles I]
*'''Regents as long as James was a minor:'''
#[http://www.geni.com/people/James-Stewart/6000000004212441312 James Stewart, Earl of Moray]
#[http://www.geni.com/people/Matthew-Stewart-4th-Earl-of-Lennox/6000000003858695567 Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox]
#[http://www.geni.com/people/John-Erskine/6000000006444081647 John Erskine, Earl of Mar]
#[http://www.geni.com/people/James-Douglas/6000000003615466134 James Douglas, Earl of Morton]
*'''King of England and Ireland:''' Reign 24. March 1603 X 27. March 1625, Coronation 25. July 1603
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/4476035 Elizabeth I] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/4498828 Charles I]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England English]

James I (of England) (1566-1625), king of England (1603-25) and, as James
VI, king of Scotland (1567-1625).

Born on June 19, 1566, in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, James was the only
son of Mary, queen of Scots, and her second husband, Lord Darnley. On the
abdication of his mother in 1567, he was proclaimed king of Scotland. A
succession of regents ruled the kingdom until 1576, when James became
nominal ruler. The boy king was little more than a puppet in the hands of
political intriguers until 1581. In that year, with the aid of his
favorites, James Stuart, earl of Arran (died 1596), and Esmé Stuart, duke
of Lennox (1542?-83), James assumed actual rule of Scotland. Scotland was
at that time divided domestically by religious conflict between the
Protestants and Roman Catholics, and in foreign affairs by those favoring
an alliance with France and those supporting England. In 1582 James was
kidnapped by a group of Protestant nobles headed by William Ruthven, earl
of Gowrie (1541?-84), and was held virtual prisoner until he escaped the
following year.

In 1586, by the Treaty of Berwick, James formed an alliance with his
cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, and the following year, after the
execution of his mother, he succeeded in reducing the power of the great
Roman Catholic nobles. His marriage to Anne of Denmark (1574-1619) in 1589
brought him for a time into close relationship with the Protestants. After
the Gowrie conspiracy of 1600, James repressed the Protestants as strongly
as he had the Catholics. He replaced the feudal power of the nobility with
a strong central government, and maintaining the divine right of kings, he
enforced the superiority of the state over the church.

In 1603 Queen Elizabeth died childless, and James succeeded her as James
I, the first Stuart king of England. In 1604 he ended England's war with
Spain, but his tactless attitude toward Parliament, based on his belief in
divine right, led to prolonged conflict with that body. James convoked the
Hampton Court Conference (1604), at which he authorized a new translation
of the Bible, generally called the King James Version. His undue severity
toward Roman Catholics, however, led to the abortive Gunpowder Plot in
1605. James tried unsuccessfully to advance the cause of religious peace
in Europe, giving his daughter Elizabeth in marriage to the elector of the
Palatinate, Frederick V (1596-1632), the leader of the German Protestants.
He also sought to end the conflict by attempting to arrange a marriage
between his son, Charles, and the infanta of Spain, then the principal
Catholic power. When he was rebuffed, he formed an alliance with France
and declared war on Spain, thus contributing to the flames he had tried to
quench. James I died at the Theobalds in Hertfordshire on March 27, 1625,
and was succeeded to the throne by his son, Charles I.

James VI of Scotland was also crowned James I of England.

Although well educated, James appeared foolish, and was known as the "wisest fool in Christendom".

Phobic about assassins, the king wore padded clothes; as if his Scottish accent weren't enough, he had a speech impediment and tics, from head-twitching to constant eye-rolling. Still, he'd romantically come all the way to Norway to rescue his betrothed, when Anne's ship had been pushed off course by a storm (James believed that local witches could control prevailing winds and thus were trying to kill his bride-to-be via shipwreck). Some people get their sexual surprises on the wedding night --anne, the first Dane to make queen of Scotland and later England didn't get hers until after a six-month honeymoon. But it was a doozy. When the fulfilled (or so she thought) twosome arrived back in Edinburgh in 1590, James shyly confessed: "By the way,I"m a wee bit bisexual. "Wee wasn't the word. Over the years, this king had more famous flames than James Brown's band. His tolerant views on sexual partners notwithstanding, the king loved to persecute. He commisioned a King James version of the Bible, mistranslating a key phrase to read: "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live!" That gave him free rein to carry out a huge number of the most vicious witch-hunts in Europe. Meanwhile, Anne did her level best to produce heirs -- not that easy when he had to coordinate conjugal visits with a long list of the king's "friends." In 1603, she and James became rulers ofEngland. Even at the coronation, the fur statred to fly -- this time over religion, not sex partners. Anne pooh-poohed the offical Anglican Church of England, and refused to take Communion. She eventually became a full-fledgedCatholic, much to James' chagrin. Religious quarrels and sexual politics aside, Anne's greatest gift to her adoptive country was a patron of the arts. She brought famed architect Indigo Jones to England and started a wave of building in the beautiful Jacobean style. This grea tDane supported the arts and was particularly bountiful to Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and other writers. At her court, Anne held masques (highly popular musica and dramatic performances), taking part in some of them. This frivolity didn't draw muchfire from the king, either. By this time, she and James had reached a separate but equal detante, their quarters diplomatically separated by a mere mile or two of drafty palace corridors.

CREATED 10TH PRINCE OF WALES 1610; OR "FREDERICK"; "OF STIRLING"; DUKE OF
CORNWALL, ROTHSAY; EARL OF CHESTER; KG

DIED YOUNG

Died before Father, unmarried and without issue. {Burke's Peerage} [GADD.GED]

JamesIEngland
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=3836fbed-069d-43c7-9aae-1acce3d97225&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368115

KING OF SCOTLAND 1567-1625 AS JAMES VI; ACCEDED THRONE OF ENGLAND 3/24/1603;
(AS JAMES I) RULED FROM 1603-1625 (CROWNED WESTMINSTER); FIRST TO CALL HIMSELF
KING OF GREAT BRITAIN (THIS BECAME OFFICIAL WITH THE ACT OF UNION, 1707)

James I of England and VI of Scotland (1566-1625), son of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley, and grandson of James V, was born in Edinburgh Castle. On the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, James became the king of England and Ireland. His view that he held the kingship by divine right, his impression that Puritanism was the same as Presbyterianism, his wish to tolerate the Roman Catholics, and his determination to exercise absolute power over Parliament, led to conflicts with the House of Commons which continued throughout his reign. From 1612 to 1628 he made strenuous efforts to bring about a marriage between the Infanta of Spain and his son Prince Charles, hoping thereby to secure the peace of Europe. He had already, by his Ulster settlement, begun in 1607, attempted to give peace to Ireland. But the native Irish disliked the settlement, and were not conciliated; and in 1618, the Thirty Years War broke out, and all hopes of the Spanish match were destroyed. Hoping by diplomacy to secure the restoration of Frederick to the palatinate, James sent Prince Charles and the Duke of Buckingham to Spain. The mission having failed, James made a treaty with Denmark, and arranged a marriage alliance with France. James was known as a good scholar though somewhat pedantic and was so desirous of preserving peace that a vacillating policy made him more or less an object of contempt. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

Notes on James VI and I
He became King of Scots on 24 July 1567 as an infant on his MotherXs abdication. He was crowned 29 July 1567 at Stirling. On 24 March 1603, upon Queen ElizabethXs death, he ascended the throne of England as James the I of England. He was crowned at Westminster on 25 July 1603. It has been suggested that his father was not Darnley but Rizzio, his mother's Italian lover... [GADD.GED]

James VI of Scotland became James I of Great Britain when he succeeded Elizabeth Tudor who was childless.

Authorized King James Version of Bible

Gravlagt:
{geni:event_description} Funeral was held at Westminster Abbey.

James giftet seg med Anne Oldenburg, Queen consort of Scotland, England and I 23 Nov 1589, Oslo,Norway. Anne (datter av Fredrik II af Danmark og Norge von Oldenburg, Konge af Danmark og Norge og Sophie Mecklenburg, Dronning af Danmark og Norge) ble født cirka 1574 , Skanderborg, Midtjylland, Denmark; ble døpt 12 Des 1574 , Skanderborg slot; døde cirka 1619 til cirka Mar, Hampton Court Palace; ble begravet 13 Mai 1619, Westminster Abbey. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Drottning i Skottland 1590, i England 1603, Dronning af Skotland - England, Princess of Denmark / Queen Consort Anne of Scotland, Queen of Scotland, England, and Ireland, Queen Consort of Scotland, England & Ireland, Queen of England/Princess of Denmark

{geni:about_me} *Anne of Denmark and Norway von Oldenburg, Princess of Denmark and Norway

*By marriage Queen Consort of Scotland on 17 May 1590 and Queen Consort of Great Britain on 25 July 1603.

'''Links:'''

*[http://thepeerage.com/p10138.htm#i101371 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/W/per_page.php?id=3474 Geneall]
>'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark English] [http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_af_Danmark Dansk]

"OF DENMARK"

born Dec. 12, 1574 died March 2, 1619


Queen consort of James I (1566-1625) of Great Britain (James VI of Scotland); although she had little direct political influence, her extravagant expenditures contributed to the financial difficulties that plagued James's regime.


The daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway, Anne was married to James in 1589. Her Lutheran upbringing and frivolous nature cost her the affection of James's Scottish Presbyterian subjects, and James alienated Anne by entrusting the upbringing of their first son, Prince Henry (1594XÇô1612), to John Erskine, 2nd earl of Mar. Nevertheless, after James ascended the British throne in 1603, he and Anne lived in harmony, although they had separate quarters during the last few years of her life. Most of the Queen's time and energy were devoted to lavish court entertainments, and her patronage contributed to the development of the arts, particularly of the masque. She embarrassed James, however, by displaying sympathy for Roman Catholicism. Their second son succeeded James as King Charles I (ruled 1625XÇô49).

Anne of Denmark, 1574-1619, queen consort of James I of England, daughter of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway. She married James in 1589 and was crowned with him at Windsor in 1603. Court entertainments and the embellishment ofbuildings interested her more than affairs of state. Although not openly a Catholic, Anne attended Mass privately and refused communion in the Church of England. Of her six children, the three who survived infancy were Henry, prince of Wales (d. 1612); Charles (later Charles I); and Elizabeth (later electress palatine and queen of Bohemia). [The Illustrated Columbia Encyclopedia, 1969]

Anne of Denmark (1574-1619), daughter of Frederick II born to Skanderborg. In 1589 she was married to James VI of Scotland. She was crowned with him in Westminster in 1603. [World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

The daughter of Frederick II, King of Denmark. [GADD.GED]

Also have birth as 12 Dec 1574.

Also have death as 2 Mar 1619.