Notater:

{geni:occupation} The Winter Queen, Princess of England / Queen Consort Elizabeth of Bohemia, Queen consort of Bohemia, Queen Consort of Bohemia, Electress Consort of the Palatinate, Queen of Bohemia, Queen of Bohemia/Princess ofEngland

{geni:about_me} ==the Winter Queen==

*Elizabeth Stuart, Princess of England
*by marriage, Electress Palatinate
*Queen Consort of Bohemia on 27 August 1619 - 1620,


==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10138.htm#i101373 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=3667 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Stuart Deutsch]


--------------------
angol királylány

She was the queen consort of Frederick, king of Bohemia (1619-20), born in
Fife, Scotland, daughter of James VI, king of Scotland, later James I of
England. At the age of 17 she was married to Frederick V, elector of the
Palatinate (1596-1632). Frederick, a Protestant, was chosen king of
Bohemia in 1619. In the following year he was defeated and deposed by the
Roman Catholic Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II, a rival claimant to the
Bohemian throne. Frederick and Elizabeth were forced to seek asylum
abroad, eventually settling in The Hague. After her husband's death in
1632, Elizabeth was active in the Protestant cause on the Continent, but
she finally returned to England, where she died and was buried in
Westminster Abbey. Because of her long struggle, many in Protestant Europe
regarded her as a heroine. Her 13 children included Sophia, electress of
Hannover (1630-1714), who was the mother of George I of England.

KNOWN AS "THE WINTER QUEEN"

Elizabeth Stuart
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=ca6acc10-0ef1-4ada-b035-2e2295ac795d&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368126

Elizabeth giftet seg med Friedrich V von Wittelsbach, Kürfürst von der Pfalz, König zu Böh 14 Feb 1613 til 24 FE, Whitehall, London, England. Friedrich ble født 26 Aug 1596 , Amberg, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Bayern, Deutschland(HRR); døde 29 Nov 1632, Mainz, Pfalz, Deutschland(HRR); ble begravet cirka 1632. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:about_me} '''Links:'''

[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10276.htm#i102756 The Peerage]

[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384608 Geneall]

'''Wikipedia:'''
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Henry_von_der_Pfalz English]

Unfortunately drowned.

DROWNED

Died before father, unmarried and without issue. {Burke's Peerage} [GADD.GED]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Elector Palatine

{geni:about_me} ==Links:==

*[http://thepeerage.com/p11375.htm The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=3900 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_I._Ludwig_(Pfalz)_ Deutsch] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vlotho Battle of Vlotho]
'''Elector of Palatine''' 1648 (1632)-1680
>'''Predecessor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/304433105310001815 Friederick V] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000007807058254 Charles II]

He was also a knight of the Garter.

OR "CHARLES LOUIS"; ELECTOR PALATINE; DUKE OF BAVARIA; KG

Count Palantine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Restored to the Electorate Palantine in 1648. {BurkeXs Peerage and ChamberXs Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Unknown misstres. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Karl giftet seg med Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel, Kurfürstin von der Pfalz 22 Feb 1650, Kassel, Hessen, Deutschland(HRR), og ble skilt 14 Apr 1657 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Charlotte ble født 20 Nov 1627 , Kassel, Hessen, Deutschland(HRR); døde 26 Mar 1686, Heidelberg, Pfalz, Deutschland(HRR). [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Karl giftet seg med Maria Susanne Loysa von Degenfeld 6 Jan 1658, Schwetzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Maria ble født 28 Nov 1634 , Straßburg, Kärnten, Österreich; døde 28 Mar 1677, Schloss Friedrichsburg,. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Karl giftet seg med Elisabeth Holländer von Bernau 11 Des 1679, Schloss,Friedrichsburg,Mannheim,Baden. Elisabeth ble født cirka 1659; døde 8 Mar 1702, Schaffhausen, Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Princess Palatine, Abbess of Herford

{geni:about_me} Abbess of Herford

Died unmarried and without issues

'''Links:'''

[http://thepeerage.com/p10276.htm#i102758 The Peerage]

[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384609 Geneall]

'''Wikipedia:'''
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bohemia,_Princess_Palatine English]
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_von_der_Pfalz_(1618%E2%80%931680)_ Deutsch]
[http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_van_de_Palts_(1618-1680)_ / Nederlands]

ABBESS OF HERVORDAN

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Duke of Cumberland, Earl of Holderness

{geni:about_me} Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria (German: Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern), commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (17 December 1619 X 29 November 1682),
Duke of Cumberland
Earl of Holderness

'''Links:'''

*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101411 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=74645 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine English] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruprecht_von_der_Pfalz,_Duke_of_Cumberland Deutsch]

Rupert, Prince (1619-82), third son of Frederick V, elector Palastine
(1596-1632), and nephew of King Charles I of England, born in Prague.
After a year and a half at the English court, he fought (1637-38) against
the imperialists during the Thirty Years' War. In 1648 he commanded the
portion of the English Fleet that remained loyal to the king during the
wars of the English Revolution, but in 1650 he was defeated by the
parliamentary admiral Robert Blake. After ten years in exile, Rupert
returned to England at the time of the Restoration. In 1670 he became one
of the founders of the Hudson's Bay Company, and part of the Canadian
territory was named Rupert's Land in his honor. In 1673 he sailed against
the Dutch as an admiral of the English Fleet. Rupert also conducted
scientific experiments and pursued the art of mezzotinting, at which he
distinguished himself.

Of English protestant and catholic civil war fame.

DUKE OF CUMBERLAND; KG

Prince Rupert (1619-82), nephew and general of Charles I of England, was the son of Elizabeth (daughter of James I) and Frederick V, Elector of Palatine, king of Bohemia, and was born at Prague. He was employed (1642-6) by Charles I. In 1673 he became Lord High Admiral and conducted three furious fights off the Dutch coast in that year. In 1670 Rupert became first governor of the HudsonXs Bay Company. His last ten years were spent in retirement in the pursuit of chemical, physical, and mechanical researches. [The Home University Encyclopedia, 1946]

The Prince Rupert of the Rhine who fought on the Cavalier side in the English Civil War. Died before father, unmarried and without issue. {BurkeXs Peerage} [GADD.GED]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Margaret Hughes. Margaret ble født 29 Mai 1630; døde 1 Okt 1719, Eltham, Greater London, United Kingdom. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Frances Bard. Frances døde cirka 1708. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:about_me} Died unmarried and without issues

==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101412 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=386207 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia: ''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_of_the_Palatinate English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_von_der_Pfalz Deutsch]

KG

Shipwrecked during a hurricane while raiding against English merchantmen at end of English Civil War. Known as Prince Maurice of the Rhine. {ChamberXs Biographical Dictionary} [GADD.GED]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Abbess of Maubuisson (Catholic)

{geni:about_me} Abess
Died unmarried and without issues

==Links:==
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10276.htm#i102759 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384610 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Marie_of_the_Palatinate English ]
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Hollandine_von_der_Pfalz Deutsch]

ABBESS OF MAUBUISSON

Notater:

{geni:about_me}
==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10502.htm#i105019 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384611 Geneall]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Count Palatineof Simmern

{geni:about_me} *Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (The Hague, 5 October 1625 X 10 March 1663, Paris) was a son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Elizabeth of Bohemia.
*On 24 April 1645, Edward married Anna Gonzaga (1616 X 1684). She was a daughter of Carlo I, Duke of Mantua and Catherine of Lorraine. Under her influence he converted to Catholicism.

==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101413 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=3948 Geneall]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward,_Count_Palatine_of_Simmern Wikipedia]

He was also a knight of the Garter.

PRINCE PALATINE; KG

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Eduard giftet seg med Anna Maria di Gonzaga 4 Mai 1645, Paris, Île de France, France. Anna ble født cirka 1616 , Mantova, Italia; døde 6 Jul 1684, Paris, Île de France, France. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Princess Consort of Siebenbuergen

{geni:about_me} Komensky a nagy tudós és politikus eskette az ifju párt.


==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p10276.htm#i102760 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=9505 Geneall]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette_Marie_of_the_Palatinate Wikipedia]

Died without issue. {Burke's Peerage} [GADD.GED]

Henrietta giftet seg med Zsigmond of Transylvania Rákóczi, Prince 26 Jun 1651, Patak, Nógrád County, Hungary. Zsigmond ble født 14 Jul 1622 , Sárospatak; døde 11 Feb 1652, Fogaras. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:about_me} born: 9/15/1629 or 10/61627

KILLED IN BATTLE

Slain in battle. Died before father, unmarried and without issue. {BurkeXs Peerage} [GADD.GED]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Electress of Hanover; Countess Palatine of Simmern, Electress of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Electress consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Electress of Hanover, Electress/Princess/Countess, Electress Consort of Hanover, Prinzessin von der Pfalz

{geni:about_me} *Sophie Dorothea Prinzessin von der Pfalz.
*By marriage Electricess of Hanover
*Also known as Sophie of Bohemia. Or Sophie of Hannover

'''Links:'''

*[http://thepeerage.com/p10139.htm#i101381 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=3984 Geneall]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701 heiress of England by the Act of Settlement, 1701]
>'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover English] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_von_der_Pfalz Deutsch]

Mother of the next king of England, House of Hanover.

DECALRED HEIR BY ACT OF SUCCESSION 1702

Sophia_Palatine_of_Hanover
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=3bcda1a5-f9ef-4dcd-ab19-f3ecd1cd50e6&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368132

!Note: Electress of Hannover

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Sophia giftet seg med cirka 1658. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Ukjent. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Sophia giftet seg med Ernst August von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Fürst zu Calenberg, Kurfürst zu Brauns 30 Sep 1658, Heidelberg, Württemberg, Deutschland[HRR). Ernst (sønn av Georg von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Herzog, Fürst zu Calenberg og Anne Eleonore Hessen, Herzogin zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Für) ble født 20 Nov 1629 , Herzberg am Harz, Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Deutschland(HRR); døde 21 Jan 1698 til cirka J, Herrenhausen. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Familie/Ektefelle/partner: Henry Walker. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:about_me}
==Links:==
*[http://thepeerage.com/p1903.htm#i19025 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=449545 Geneall]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Kurfurste i Pfalz

{geni:about_me} Karl Kurprinz von der Pfalz.

Member of the House of Wittelsbach.

Kurfürst von der Pfalz in 1680

Wikipedia:

English: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II,_Elector_Palatine

Deutsch: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_II._(Pfalz)

--------------------

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_II._%28Pfalz%29

Karl II. (Pfalz)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie

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Kupferstich von Ulrich Kraus: Kurfürst Karl II. von der Pfalz im Harnisch vor einer Talsicht des Heidelberger Schlosses mit dem Dicken Turm

Karl II. von der Pfalz (* 31. März 1651 in Heidelberg; X 16. Mai 1685 ebenda) war Pfalzgraf und Kurfürst von der Pfalz von 1680 bis zu seinem Tod.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

* 1 Leben

* 2 Literatur

* 3 Weblinks

* 4 Einzelnachweise

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Karl war der älteste Sohn des Kurfürsten Karl I. Ludwig von der Pfalz (1617X1680) aus dessen Ehe mit Charlotte (1627X1686), Tochter des Landgrafen Wilhelm V. von Hessen-Kassel. Karls jüngere Schwester war Liselotte von der Pfalz,spätere Herzogin von Orléans. Die Eltern trennten sich nach zerrütteter Ehe und die Mutter zog sich nach Kassel zurück. Karl wuchs demzufolge ohne Mutter unter den Augen des autoritären Vaters auf.

Die Ausbildung des Kurprinzen wurde durch die Gelehrten Samuel von Pufendorf und Ezechiel Spanheim geleitet. Seine Kavalierstour unternahm Karl 1670 in die Schweiz und nach Frankreich. In der Schweiz erkrankte Karl an den Blattern, die sein Gesicht für immer entstellten. Karl galt als sehr gelehrig und veröffentlichte unter dem Synonym Philotheus 1672 die theologische Schrift Symbola christiana. Die Beziehung zu seinem Vater gestaltete sich schwierig. Dieangestrebte Statthalterschaft in Kreuznach und die Beteiligung an den Regierungsgeschäften verweigerte dieser seinem Sohn.

Am 20. September 1671 heiratete er in Heidelberg, auf Druck seines Vaters und Vermittlung seiner Tante Sophie von Hannover, Prinzessin Wilhelmine Ernestine von Dänemark, eine Tochter des Königs Friedrich III.. Am 7 Juli 1671 wurde ihm von dänischen König auch der Elefantenorden (123. Träger) verliehen. Die Ehe wurde unglücklich und blieb kinderlos. Während der Vermählungsfeierlichkeiten musste sich Karl Rat holen, was er als Mann in der Hochzeitsnacht zu tun habe.[1]

Als die Franzosen im Reichskrieg 1680 das pfälzische Amt Germersheim verheerten, ging Karl and den Hof König Karls II. von England um dort Hilfe gegen Ludwig XIV. zu erwirken. Karl erreichte dieses Ziel nicht, wurde aber in den Hosenbandorden aufgenommen und von der Universität Oxford zum Doktor der Medizin ernannt. Während der Englandreise starb Karls Vater und der Kurprinz folgte 1680 als Karl II. in der Kurpfalz und als Erzschatzmeister des Heiligen Römischen Reiches.

Karls kurze Regierungszeit war wenig glanzvoll. Er ernannte seinen unfähigen ehemaligen Erzieher Paul Hachenberg zum leitenden Minister und ließ seine Halbgeschwister, die Raugrafen von der Pfalz, in Ungnade fallen. Er holte seine Mutter aus Kassel zurück und bezahlte ihre immensen Schulden. Karl war eine schwache und scheue Natur, geprägt von familiären Kindheitserlebnissen. Er zeigte eine oberflächliche Begeisterung für das Soldatenleben und regierte als strenger Calvinist. Daher erlaubte er auch den aus ihrer Heimat vertriebenen Calvinisten die Ansiedlung in der Kurpfalz. Beeinflusst wurde er dabei von dem Hofprediger Johann Ludwig Langhanns, der nach Hachenburgs Tod leitender Minister wurde. Karl unterdrückte das Luthertum, zu dem sich auch seine Ehefrau bekannte. Zunehmende finanzielle Schwierigkeiten im Staatshaushalt, hervorgerufen durch überdimensionierte Hofhaltung, Jagd- und Theaterleidenschaft sowie Militärausgaben, konnten auch durch Steuererhöhungen nicht mehr reguliert werden. 1682 verpfändete Karl das Amt Germersheim für zwanzig Jahre an Frankreich.

Karl war der letzte pfälzische Kurfürst aus dem protestantisch-reformierten Haus Pfalz-Simmern, sein Nachfolger entstammte dem katholischen Zweig Pfalz-Neuburg. Zunächst gelang es Karl noch mit seinem Nachfolger einen Kompromiss hinsichtlich der Religionsfrage in der Kurpfalz zu erreichen. Allerdings konnte er nicht verhindern, dass es im weiteren Verlauf der Ereignisse über die Frage der Erbansprüche seiner Schwester, der Herzogin von Orleans zum Pfälzischen Erbfolgekrieg kam.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* Karl Kollnig: Die Kurfürsten von der Pfalz. ISBN 3-929295-04-0. 1993.

* Arthur Kleinschmidt: Karl II. (Kurfürst von der Pfalz). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 15. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, S. 324X326.

* Peter Fuchs: Karl II. (Kurfürst von der Pfalz). In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 11. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, S. 249 f.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

* Druckschriften von und über Karl II. (Pfalz) im VD 17

Einzelnachweise [Bearbeiten]

1. X Otto Flake: Große Damen des Barock, Fischer-TB.-Vlg.,Ffm (Mai 1996), S. 169



Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger

Karl I. Kurfürst von der Pfalz

1680X1685 Philipp Wilhelm

Normdaten: PND: 102440174 | WP-Personeninfo

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 9. August 2010 um 19:00 Uhr geändert.

Karl giftet seg med Wilhelmine Ernestine Danmark og Norge, Oldenburg, Kurfürstin von der Pfalz 20 Sep 1671, Heidelberg, Pfalz, Deutschland(HRR). Wilhelmine (datter av Frederik III af Danmark og Norge, von Oldenburg, Konge af Danmark og Norge og Sophie Amalie von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Dronning til Danmark og Norge) ble født 20 Jun 1650 , København, Danmark; døde 23 Apr 1706, Schloss Lichtenburg; ble begravet , Schwesterngruft, Schloss Lichtenburg. [Gruppeskjema] [Familiediagram]

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Duchess Consort of Orléans

{geni:about_me} Seconde épouse de Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans, dit "Monsieur", frère du roi Louis XIV. Née le 27 mai 1652 à Heidelberg, morte le 8 décembre 1722 à Saint-Cloud.

Son titre exact, tel qu'il figure dans son contrat de mariage, est "Elisabeth-Charlotte, Princesse Électorale Palatine du Rhin". Toutefois, comme elle est issue de la branche aînée de la maison de Wittelsbach, dont la branche cadette règne alors sur la Bavière, une confusion s'établit chez ses contemporains, qui prennent l'habitude de la nommer assez inexactement Charlotte-Elisabeth de Bavière.

La tradition respecte cet usage, et c'est ainsi qu'elle est toujours communément appelée aujourd'hui. Elle est également très souvent appelée "la Princesse Palatine", mais cette appellation est postérieure, car pour ses contemporains, français du moins, ce titre désigne exclusivement Anne de Gonzague de Clèves (1616+1684), épouse de son oncle Edouard (1625+1663). Enfin, pour tous les membres de sa famille allemande, elle est simplement "Liselotte".

Sommaire

1 Biographie

2 Xuvres

3 Voir aussi

3.1 Bibliographie

3.2 Liens externes

4 Source partielle





Biographie



La Princesse Palatine peinte par Nicolas de Largillière (Château de Chantilly)Elle est issue du mariage en 1650 (suivi d'un divorce en 1657) de l'Electeur Palatin Charles Ier Louis , (1617-1680), comte palatin du Rhin et de Charlotte de Hesse-Cassel (1627-1686).

Elle épouse en 1671 le frère de Louis XIV, Philippe de France (« Monsieur »), ce qui fait d'elle la duchesse d'Orléans ou « Madame ». Leur fils aîné, Alexandre-Édouard meurt à 3 ans, l'affectant profondément(1676), leur second fils Philippe d'Orléans devient régent à la mort de Louis XIV. Leur fille Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (°1676 X1744) épouse le duc de Lorraine et de Bar Léopold Ier devient régente des duchés puis princesse souveraine de Commercy. Ces derniers sont les grands-parents paternels de la reine Marie-Antoinette (°1755 X1793) et les ancêtres de la famille de Habsbourg-Lorraine. Après cette troisième naissance, le couple décide d'un commun accord de faire chambre àpart, pour le plus grand plaisir de chacun !

Originaire d'une petite cour allemande cultivée, elle est élevée dans la religion réformée à Heidelberg puis à partir du divorce de ses parents, par sa tante la duchesse de Hanovre. Celle-ci lui donne une éducation humaniste, sachant aimer la nature, Montaigne, Rabelais et la liberté, elle ne s'est jamais sentie très à son aise à la cour de Versailles régie par une étiquette rigoureuse, et où fleurissent des intrigues de toutes sortes, et où les relationshumaines ne sont basées que sur l'intérêt et l'égoïsme. En outre, si, comme l'observe un historien, "dans la fraîcheur de ses vingt ans, Madame n'était pas désagréable à regarder", son physique est très rapidement compromis par un embonpoint considérable, dont elle parle elle-même en évoquant "sa taille monstrueuse de grosseur".

Son mari, de toute façon indifférent aux charmes féminins, ne lui montre que l'empressement strictement nécessaire pour assurer une descendance. Pétillante d'esprit, indépendante, la princesse se consacre alors à une correspondance très abondante. Ses lettres, au nombre de 60 000, rédigées dans un style savoureux, constituent une source d'informations précieuse sur la vie à la cour de France. La princesse reste allemande de cXur et elle abhore la cour et l'étiquette. Si on l'en croit ses lettres, la dépravation attribuée à la Régence règne déjà dans toute la seconde moitié du grand règne.



La princesse palatine présentant l'Electeur de Saxe à Louis XIV.Consciente de son rang et de ses devoirs, elle ne dissimule pas ses antipathies, en particulier contre sa deuxième belle-sXur, Madame de Maintenon, qu'elle surnomme (entre autres mille amabilités) « la vieille ripopée » (mélange de restes de vin), « l'ordure du roi », « la vieille sorcière », et même « la vieille touffe » ou «la vieille conne ». Elle ne recule pas, on le voit, devant le mot trivial. Méprisant la famille illégitime du roi, elle surnomme par exemple le comte de Toulouse (fils du roi et de madame de Montespan) « la chiure de souris », ou, à propos de la sXur de ce dernier, Mademoiselle de Blois, que sonfils Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723) a épousée, écrit : « Ma belle-fille ressemble à un cul comme deux gouttes d'eau ». Elle s'est d'ailleurs fortement indignée de ce mariage, Mademoiselle de Blois bien que fille légitimée du Roi,restant issue d'une union adultérine de ce dernier avec Mme de Montespan.

d'après le seul duc de Saint-Simon, elle serait allée jusqu'à gifler son fils sous les yeux de toute la Cour quand elle apprend qu'il a accepté ces épousailles qu'elle juge indignes de son rang. En revanche, elle montre toujours le plus grand respect envers le roi, tout en déplorant l'influence des gens qui l'entourent. Elle parle souvent de son fils en déplorant ses mauvaises fréquentations mais en admirant son intelligence et ses succès militaires. Par contre, elle se montre une mère attentive, et sa correspondance avec sa fille, la duchesse de Lorraine et de Bar, (détruite en grande partie en 1719) est pleine de conseils maternels.

La princesse suit les débats d'idées de son temps et entretient même une correspondance avec Leibniz, mais elle ne partage pas le penchant de plus en plus dévôt que suit le règne de Louis XIV. Elle partage dans ses lettres ses doutes sur de nombreux points de religion. Elle-même protestante convertie par devoir au catholicisme, à Metz, pour pouvoir épouser le frère du roi de France, elle reste fidèle dans son cXur à la foi de son enfance, et du reste, témoin de la révocation de l'Édit de Nantes, elle ne comprend pas pourquoi des peuples peuvent se dresser les uns contre les autres sur des points qui lui paraissent mineurs. Jamais elle ne se console de la détresse du Palatinat, sa région d'origine, ravagée par les armées du roi son beau-frère et tient Vauban pour responsable de la mort de son père et de son frère. Jusque dans les dernières années elle regrette sa jeunesse à Heidelberg. Elle souffre aussi des avanies et des intrigues de l'entourage de son mari.



Xuvres



Portrait de Charlotte-Elisabeth de BavièreOn a publié en 1788 des fragments des Lettres originales de Madame, etc., écrites de 1715 à 1720 au duc Ulric de Brunswick et à la princesse de Galles; réimprimés en 1823 sous le titre deMémoires sur la cour de Louis XIV et de la Régence, extraits de la correspondance de Mme Elisabeth Charlotte, etc.

Sa Correspondance complète (sic) a été traduite de l'allemand et publiée en 1855 par G. Brunet. Les lettres sont le plus souvent assez mal traduites, voire forgées artificiellement en compilant des extraits de plusieurs lettres différentes en une seule, assortie d'une date de fantaisie. De plus, tous les passages jugés trop crus (et Dieu sait si Madame en était prodigue) sont naturellement censurés. Plusieurs autres éditions ont suivi. Toutes ne contiennent pas la lettre fameuse, citée par les frères Goncourt, dans laquelle la princesse décrit à sa tante Sophie de Hanovre, avec force détails scatologiques et sur un mode humoristique, la difficulté de déféquer à Fontainebleau (6 juin 1794). Elle a également écrit de nombreuses lettres en français, éditées par Dirk Van der Cruysse en 1989.

Il existe également un curieux livre, « Mélanges historiques, anecdotiques et critiques sur la fin du règne de Louis XIV et le commencement de celui de Louis XV par Madame la Princesse Élisabeth-Charlotte de Bavière, seconde femme de Monsieur, frère de Louis-le-Grand : (souvenirs) précédés d'une NOTICE SUR LA VIE DE CETTE ILLUSTRE PRINCESSE rédigée par MAUBUY ». L'ensemble représentant une table des matières de 50 chapitres évoquant, et au passage étrillant, un grand nombre de personnages de la cour en commençant par le Roi lui-même, son caractère et ses mXurs, sa conduite à l'égard de son épouse, ses amours, sa mort. Puis vient l'évocation des favorites royales : Fontanges,La Vallière, Montespan, Maintenon etc... Nous connaissons une publication de cet ouvrage en 1807 "A PARIS chez LEOPOLD-COLLIN, libraire, rue Gît-le-Coeur N°4. (E.O. ?)

English:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate#Ancestry

Deutsch:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liselotte_von_der_Pfalz

--------------------

Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (German: Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz May 27, 1652 X October 9 /December 8, 1722) was a German princess by birth, wife of Philippe, duc d'Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV of France.Proud, blunt, opinionated and prolific, her vast correspondence provides a detailed account of the personalities and activities at the court of Louis XIV, her brother-in-law.

Early life

Born May 27, 1652 in the castle at Heidelberg, to Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel. In childhood she became known as Liselotte - a mixture of her names. Her parents were in an unhappy dynastic marriage and in 1653 her father began an affair with Marie Luise von Degenfeld, one of his wife's attendants. He purported to marry her without benefit of a judicial divorce, eventually prompting Liselotte's mother to return to her paternal home. Their daughter was five years old when she was sent to live with her father's sister, Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover.

She always remembered her time with her aunt as the happiest of her life, although she became close enough to her younger half-sisters to correspond with them at at least weekly after she married. In 1663 Liselotte had to move back to Heidelberg where she lived with her stepmother, fifteen half-siblings, and brother, the future Charles II, Elector Palatine.

. Several marriage alliances with German princes were considered, but all were declined prior to her engagement to the French king's widowed brother.

[edit]Names

She is known by different names and styles in different languages with:

Variations of her given names, such as Charlotte Elisabeth, Elisabeth Charlotte and Liselotte

Variations of her titles and territorial designations, such as Electoral Princess, Princess Palatine, of the Palatinate, of the Rhine, etc (also in respective forms in French and German)

At any rate, the dynastic titles she was entitled to were Countess Palatine of the Rhine and Duchess of Bavaria.

[edit]Marriage

On November 16, 1671 she was married by proxy at Metz. By prearrangement, after leaving her father's realm but prior to arriving in France, she formally converted to Roman Catholicism. She never saw her homeland again. At the French court, her husband was known by the traditional honorific of Monsieur. As his wife, Elizabeth Charlotte assumed the style of Madame.

[edit]Monsieur

The homosexual proclivities of her husband, Monsieur, were well known at court. Elisabeth Charlotte even confided that he needed "rosaries and holy medals draped in the appropriate places to perform the necessary act" with her.[1]

Apparently she did not mind that her husband was homosexual, but objected to money spent on his favorites and the exercise of their influence with him to enrich themselves.[2] She said on the subject:

I could put up with it if Monsieur only squandered his money in gaming, but sometimes he gives away as much as 100,000 francs at one swoop, and all the economies fall upon me and the children. That is not at all pleasant, besidesputting me in a position where, as God is my witness, we would have to live entirely on the King's charity, which is a miserable thing.[3]

Madame had apartments at Versailles, use of various châteaux around France, and use of the beautiful château de Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris, which was the couple's main residence when not at the palace of Versailles.

The marriage at first proved to be happy, with the birth of two male heirs. After the death of the couple's first son, the duc de Valois, she experienced depression and worried about her third pregnancy (with Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans). After this birth, the relationship between husband and wife was never as close as it had been. The couple had the following children:

Children

Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, styled duc de Valois (b. St.Cloud, 2 June 1673 X d. Paris, 16 March 1676).

Philippe, duc II d'Orléans (b. St.Cloud, 2 August 1674 X d. Versailles, 2 December 1723)

Married Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan.

Regent of France for Louis XV on the death of his uncle Louis XIV in 1715 and served in that capacity until his own death in 1723.

Ancestor of the House of Orléans, including the modern Orleanist pretender, Henri, comte de Paris, duc de France.

Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (b. St.Cloud, 13 September 1676 X d. Commercy, 24 December 1744)

Married Leopold, Duke of Lorraine.

Through Élisabeth Charlotte, she became grandmother of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, husband of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and father of Marie Antoinette.

After the birth of their daughter, known as Mademoiselle de Chartres, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations.[4] Monsieur turned to his mignons, and Madame to her writing.

Her letters to her aunt Sophia and others created not only a vivid picture of life during the reign of Louis XIV, but also of the Regency era of her son, Philippe. They reflect her alienation from her husband and other family members, as well as her warm relations with the king, and with her son and daughter.

--------------------

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the wife of Elector George William of Brandenburg, see Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597-1660).

Mergefrom.svg

It has been suggested that Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate

Duchess of Orléans

Spouse Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans

Detail

Issue

Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois

Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans

Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine

Father Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine

Mother Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel

Born 27 May 1652(1652-05-27)

Heidelberg Castle, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Died 8 December 1722 (aged 70)

Château de Saint-Cloud near Paris, France

Burial Basilica of Saint Denis, Saint-Denis, France

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchess of Orléans (German: Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz Heidelberg, 27 May 1652 X Saint-Cloud, 8 December 1722) was a German princess and the wife of Philippe de France, younger brother of Louis XIV of France. Her vast correspondence provides a detailed account of the personalities and activities at the court of her brother-in-law, Louis XIV.

She and her husband, the Duke of Orléans, were the founders of the modern House of Orléans - their only surviving son, Philippe Charles d'Orléans, being the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV of France. She was alsoan ancestress of Francis I and Louis Philippe I and thus many royal houses in Europe such as the Spanish, Italian, Bulgarian, Austrian, Tuscan, and Neapolitan royal families are descended from her.

Contents

[show]

* 1 Biography

o 1.1 Marriage

o 1.2 Court Life

* 2 Issue

* 3 Nature and Appearance

* 4 Ancestry

* 5 Titles and Styles

* 6 Notes

* 7 Further reading

* 8 Titles

[edit] Biography

Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz was born on 27 May 1652 in the Heidelberg Castle, to Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of the Simmern branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel.[1]

In childhood she became known as Liselotte - a mixture of her names. Her parents were in an unhappy dynastic marriage and in 1653 her father began an affair with Marie Luise von Degenfeld, one of his wife's attendants. He purported to marry her without benefit of a judicial divorce, and claimed to have done so to legitimise the bastard children.[2] Their daughter was five years old when she was sent to live with her father's sister, Sophia, wife of ErnestAugustus, Elector of Hanover.

She always remembered her time with her aunt as the happiest of her life, although she became close enough to her younger half-sisters to correspond with them at least weekly after she married. In 1663, Liselotte had to move backto Heidelberg where she lived with her stepmother, fifteen half-siblings, and brother, the future Charles II, Elector Palatine.

She had purportedly desired to marry her cousin William III of Orange, who would later become King of England, though her family believed that sacrifices needed to be made in order to make a more beneficial marriage with the recently widowed brother of the King of France, formerly married to her father's first cousin, Princess Henrietta Anne of England.[2]

[edit] Marriage

On 16 November 1671, she was married by proxy at Metz. By prearrangement, after leaving her father's realm but prior to arriving in France, she formally converted to Roman Catholicism. At the French court, her husband Philippe was known by the traditional honorific of Monsieur. As his wife, Elizabeth Charlotte assumed the style of Madame.

Elizabeth Charlotte was very close to her two stepdaughters Marie Louise and Anne Marie. When Marie Louise left France to marry Charles II of Spain in 1679, Liselotte accompanied her to Orléans.

The homosexual proclivities of her husband were well known at court. Elisabeth Charlotte even confided that he needed "rosaries and holy medals draped in the appropriate places to perform the necessary act" with her.[3]

Elizabeth Charlotte objected to money spent on his favourites and the exercise of their influence with him to enrich themselves.[4] She said on the subject:

I could put up with it if Monsieur only squandered his money in gaming, but sometimes he gives away as much as 100,000 francs at one swoop, and all the economies fall upon me and the children. That is not at all pleasant, besides putting me in a position where, as God is my witness, we would have to live entirely on the King's charity, which is a miserable thing.[5]

Elizabeth Charlotte had apartments at Versailles, use of the Palais-Royal in Paris, and her favourite residence, the beautiful Château de Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris, which was the couple's main residence when not at the Palace of Versailles. Liselotte also had an apartment at the King's private residence, the Château de Marly. In her dowager years she would stay at the Grand Trianon built by her brother in law.

The marriage at first proved to be happy, with the birth of two male heirs. After the death of the couple's first son, the Duke of Valois, she experienced depression and worried about her third pregnancy (with Élisabeth Charlotted'Orléans). After this birth, the relationship between husband and wife was never as close as it had been. The couple had three children;

Liselotte with her children, Philippe and Élisabeth Charlotte.

After the birth of their daughter Élisabeth Charlotte, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations.[6] Philippe turned to his minions, and Elizabeth Charlotte to writing.

Her letters to her aunt Sophia and others created not only a vivid picture of life during the reign of Louis XIV, but also of the Regency era of her son, Philippe. They reflect her alienation from her husband and other family members, as well as her warm relations with the king, and with her son, daughter and her two stepdaughters.

[edit] Court Life

As the king's only brother and sister-in-law, the couple were expected to be in usual attendance at court, where her husband's rank as a fils de France ensured her precedence before all save the queen, and the wives of the king'sson and grandsons X and his current maîtresse-en-titre. This last position rankled her, and she disliked the king's illegitimate children, especially Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine.

Madame de Montespan's youngest daughter, Françoise Marie de Bourbon, would eventually marry her son. No inducements ever reconciled Elizabeth Charlotte to the marriage. When she discovered that her son had agreed to it at the king's insistence, she slapped his face in front of the whole court, and turned her back on the king as he greeted her with a bow. Later, writing on the subject she put:

If, by shedding my own blood, I could have prevented my son's marriage, I would willingly have done so; but since the thing was done, I have had no other wish than to preserve harmony[7]

After the king transferred his affections from La Montespan to La Maintenon, Elizabeth Charlotte became obsessively resentful toward and suspicious of the latter. In her correspondence, Elisabeth Charlotte refers to her as the "King's old drab", the "old witch", and the "old whore".[8]

In addition to letters to her aunt Sophia and her morganatic half-sisters the Raugravines, she also corresponded with the former's courtier Gottfried Leibniz, although they never met. After he died, she insisted that the Académiedes Sciences, of which he had been a member, honour his passing.[citation needed] The resulting eulogy to Leibniz, by Fontenelle, was the only one ever delivered anywhere.

When the Simmern branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty became extinct in the male line with the death of her brother Karl II in 1685, Louis XIV sent troops to claim the Palatinate in his sister-in-law's name, launching the War of theGrand Alliance (1688X1697).

On 9 June 1701, her husband of just under thirty years died of a stroke at the château de Saint-Cloud. Earlier, he had a heated argument with his brother at the Château de Marly about the conduct of his son X who was also the king's son-in-law.

After her husband's death, Elizabeth Charlotte feared that the king would send her to a convent, as stipulated in her marriage contract. Instead she was confronted with secretly-made excerpts of her all-too-candid letters to correspondents abroad. She was warned to change her attitude toward Madame de Maintenon.

Liselotte in later life, by Hyacinthe Rigaud.

She remained welcome at court. She was allowed to keep her apartments at all the royal residences and retained her rank. From her husband, she inherited 40,000 livres a year. Louis XIV added 250,000 livres, and her son promised her another 200,000.[9] Some time after Philippe's death, she wrote:

If those who are in the next world could know what was happening in this one, I think His Grace, the late Monsieur, would be most pleased with me, for I have gone through his boxes to find all the letters written to him by his boyfriends and have burnt them unread, so that they will not fall into other people's hands...then...I receive great comfort from the King, otherwise I could not endure my position. When the King speaks about Monsieur he is quite moved

[10]

In 1715, Louis XIV died aged seventy-seven at the Palace of Versailles. In his will, he divided the regnal prerogatives among relatives and courtiers, allocating to his legitimised son, the Duke of Maine, guardianship of the new king, Louis XV, who was five years old. The Parlement of Paris overturned the will's provisions at the request of Elizabeth Charlotte's son, who thus became regent.

In her memoirs, Elizabeth Charlotte describes the new era of the Regency. Although no longer outranked by any woman at court and freed from the imagined persecutions of Madame de Maintenon, she did not cease daily complaints to her correspondents about the antics of what she regarded as an increasingly decadent court, about which she wrote:

I believe that the histories that will be written about this court after we are gone will be better and more entertaining than any novel, and I am afraid that those who come after us will not be able to believe them and thinkthey are just fairy tales. [10]

Elizabeth Charlotte died at the age of seventy on 8 December 1722, at the château de Saint-Cloud.

Her descendants by her son form the House of Orléans, which came to the French throne in the person of Louis-Philippe in 1830. Through her daughter, she was ancestress of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and the great-grandmother of Marie Antoinette.

[edit] Issue

Name Portrait Lifespan Notes

Alexandre Louis d'Orléans

Duke of Valois Blason duche fr Orleans (moderne).svg 2 July 1673 X

8 December 1676 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud and died at the Palais-Royal;

Philippe Charles d'Orléans

Duke of Orléans Philippe d'Orleans, regent, et Marie Madeleine de la Vieuville, Comtesse de Parabere (Jean-Baptiste Santerre).jpg 2 August 1674 -

2 December 1723 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud he was titled the Duke of Chartres from birth becoming Duke of Orléans in 1701; Married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon and had issue; died at the Palace of Versailles; Regent of France and Navarre during the minority of Louis XV of France - the era was known as la Régence;

Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans

Duchess of Lorraine and Bar

Princess of Commercy Élisabeth-Charlotte d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Chartres, duchesse de Lorraine.jpg 13 September 1676 X

23 December 1744 Born at the Château de Saint-Cloud and married Leopold de Lorraine, Duke of Lorraine in 1698 and had issue; became the Sovereign Princess of Commercy 1737; she died at Commercy; known as Mademoiselle de Chartres;

[edit] Nature and Appearance

She was earthy, even vulgar at times, quoting folksy sayings such as "The snow falls as easily on a cowpat as it does a rose petal." She spoke with a noticeable German accent and disliked dancing, which put her at odds with the French fashion. Compared to her predecessor, Henrietta Anne Stuart, who was pretty and graceful, Elisabeth Charlotte was stolid and Amazonian. She possessed the stamina to hunt all day, refusing to wear the mask that Frenchwomen were accustomed to use to protect their skin while watching their men hunt. Her face developed a ruddy and weather-beaten look.

She walked too rapidly for most courtiers to keep up, save the king. She had a "no-nonsense" attitude[clarification needed], and was not given to gallantry, but lacked the prudery to prevent her ladies-in-waiting from flirting with courtiers or royalty. Her hearty appetite caused her to gain weight as the years went by, and when describing herself she once commented that she would be as good to eat as a roasted suckling pig.

Raised a Protestant, she was not fond of lengthy Latin masses. However she remained virtuous and at times outraged by the open infidelity practiced by the aristocracy. Her views were frequently the opposite of those prevalent at the French court.[11]

She is known by different names and styles in different languages with:

* Variations of her given names, such as Charlotte Elisabeth, Elisabeth Charlotte and Liselotte von der Pfalz

* Variations of her titles and territorial designations, such as Electoral Princess, Princess Palatine, of the Palatinate, of the Rhine, etc (also in respective forms in French and German)

At any rate, the dynastic titles she was entitled to were Countess Palatine of the Rhine and Duchess of Bavaria.

Titles and Styles

* 27 May 1652 X 16 November 1671 Her Serene Highness Elizabeth Charlotte, Countess Palatine of Simmern;

* 16 November 1671 X 9 June 1701 Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Orléans;

o Madame was her general style of address and reference;

* 9 June 1701 X 8 December 1722 Her Royal Highness the Dowager Duchess of Orléans.

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Fraser, Antonia, Love and Louis XIV, Anchor Books, 2006, p. 134.

2. ^ a b ib. Fraser, p. 137.

3. ^ ib. Fraser, p. 140.

4. ^ Crompton, Louis, Homosexuality and Civilization Belknap, Cambridge, MA, 2003, p. 348.

5. ^ From translated memoirs of the duchesse d'Orléans by Elisabeth Charlotte, duchesse d'Orléans: [1]

6. ^ ib. Fraser, p 140.

7. ^ Memoirs of the duchesse d'Orléans

8. ^ All from

9. ^ Barker, Nancy Nicholas, Brother to the Sun king: Philippe, Duke of Orléans.[page needed]

10. ^ a b From translated memoirs

11. ^ .ib. Fraser, p.[page needed]

Biography portal

Europe portal

[edit] Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine

* Life and letters of Charlotte Elizabeth, Princess Palatine and mother of Philipp d'Orléans, régent de France 1652 - 1722, compiled, translated, and gathered from various published and unpublished, Chapman & Hall, London, 1889.

* A woman's life in the court of the Sun King : letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz, 1652X1722, Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orléans, translated by Elborg Forster, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

This page was last modified on 16 July 2010 at 00:39.

Máere du futur Râegent, Philippe d'Orlâeans.

"OF THE PALATINATE"

Notater:

NATURAL DAUGHTER

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{geni:about_me}
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{geni:occupation} Ranger of Alice Holt Forest

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{geni:occupation} Princess Consort of Salm

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* [http://thepeerage.com/p4614.htm#i46135 The Peerage]; [http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=4190 Geneall];
'''Wikipedia:'''
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Marie_of_the_Palatinate English];
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luise_Marie_von_der_Pfalz Deutsch];
* Luise Marie of the Palatinate (Luise Marie von der Plafz; 23 July 1647 X 11 March 1679) was a Bavarian princess who married the fuerst of Salm-Salm. A niece of Sophia of Hanover, she and her family, as Catholics, were excluded from the line of succession to the British throne.
* She was the eldest daughter of the landless Edward of the Palatinate and his French-Italian wife, Anna Gonzaga. She was probably named after both her mother's sister and her father's sister, Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, Queen of Poland (in German, Louise Marie) and Louise Marie of the Palatinate, respectively. Her younger sisters were Anne Henriette, wife of the Henri Jules, Prince of Condé and Benedicta Henrietta, wife of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. On her father's side, she was a first cousin of King George I of Great Britain and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate.
* On March 20, 1671, she married Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm.[1] He was a great-great-grandson of Anna of Lorraine. They had four children, a son named Louis Otto who became the last Prince of Salm-Salm, and three daughters,Louise, louise Appolonia, and Eleanor Christina,[1] two of whom died without issue.

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{geni:occupation} Princess Consort of Condé; Princess Consort of Arches

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{geni:occupation} Duchess Consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg

{geni:about_me} http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicta_Henriette_von_der_Pfalz
Benedicta Henriette von der Pfalz
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Pfalzgräfin Benedikta Henriette von Simmern, Herzogin von Braunschweig-Calenberg

Benedikta Henriette Philippine von Pfalz-Simmern (* 14. März 1652 in Paris; X 12. August 1730 in Asnières-sur-Seine) war eine Titular-Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein aus der Linie Pfalz-Simmern und durch Heirat Herzogin von Braunschweig-Calenberg.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
[Verbergen]

* 1 Leben
* 2 Nachkommen
* 3 Literatur
* 4 Einzelnachweise

Leben [Bearbeiten]

Benedikta Henriette war eine Tochter des Prinzen Eduard von der Pfalz (1625X1663) aus dessen Ehe mit Anna (1616X1684), Tochter Carlo I. Gonzaga, Herzog von Mantua, Montferrat, Nevers und Rethel. Ihr Vater war 1645 nach Paris gegangen und zum Katholizismus konvertiert, um heiraten zu können. So wuchs Benedikta Henriette, wie ihre Schwestern Luise Marie und Anna Henriette, in Paris katholisch auf.

Sie heiratete am 30. November 1668 in Hannover Herzog Johann Friedrich von Braunschweig-Calenberg (1625X1679), der 1651 zum katholischen Glauben konvertiert war. Anlässlich der Hochzeit wurde die Oper LXAdelaide des Komponisten Antonio Sartorio uraufgeführt.[1] Mit Benediktas Einzug in Hannover, die zahlreiche französische Höflinge mitbrachte, begann dort eine barocke Blüte, die Aufgrund der Herkunft der Herzogin französisch geprägt war. Auf ihren Wunsch verpflichtete Johann Friedrich im französischen Stil gebildete Musiker, darunter die Sängerin Anne Sophie Bonne. Ebenso förderte Benedikta Henriette die italienische Oper und musizierte auch selbst. Sie galt als anspruchslos und war zufrieden, wenn sie Xihre Bücher und ihre Guitarre hatteX. Sie unterstützte ihre Tante Sophie bei ihren kirchlichen Reunionsbestrebungen.[2]

Nach dem Tod ihres Mannes 1679 siedelte Benedikta Henriette mit ihren Töchtern an den französischen Hof über, wo sie als Gast ihrer Cousine Elisabeth Charlotte lebte. Später fand sie Aufnahme bei ihrem Schwiegersohn in Modena, der sie aber schlecht behandelte, weshalb sie wieder nach Frankreich zurückkehrte und mit ihrer Schwester Anna Henriette de Condé lebte. Sie stand in Briefwechsel mit Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, den ihr Mann an den Hof nach Hannover geholt hatte.
Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Aus ihrer Ehe hatte Benedikta Henriette folgende Kinder:

* Anna Sophie (1670X1672)
* Charlotte (1671X1710)

8 1696 Herzog Reinaldo III. dXEste von Modena (1655X1737)

* Henriette Maria Sophie (1672X1757)
* Wilhelmine Amalie (1673X1742)

8 1699 Kaiser Joseph I. (1678X1711)

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* Linda Maria Koldau: Frauen-Musik-Kultur: ein Handbuch zum deutschen Sprachgebiet der Frühen Neuzeit, Böhlau, Köln / Weimar 2005, S. 202 ff.

Einzelnachweise [Bearbeiten]

1. ? Christian Seebald: Libretti vom XMittelalterX, Walter de Gruyter, 2009, S. 40
2. ? Kuno Fischer: Geschichte der Neuern Philosophie, F. Bassermann, 1867, S. 234

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 23. November 2010 um 11:06 Uhr geändert.

Notater:

{geni:occupation} king of Great Britain, King of Great Britain / Duke of Hanover, King of Great Britain and Ireland, King of Great Britian, King of England, King of England/Elector of Hanover, Elector of Hanover; King of Great Britain and Ireland

{geni:about_me} *George Ludwig of Brunswik-Lüneburg
*By the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, Prince-Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick

==Links:==

*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10099.htm#i100988 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=4338 Geneall]
*'''King of Great Britain and Ireland:''' Reign 1 August 1714 X 11 June 1727 Coronation 20. October 1714
>'''Predecessor:'''[http://www.geni.com/profile/index/6000000003285572645 Anne] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/profile/index/4555899 George II]
*'''Elector of Hanover:''' Reign 23 January 1698 X 11 June 1727
>'''Predecessor: '''[http://www.geni.com/people/index/6000000003890906681 Ernest Augustus] '''Successor:''' [http://www.geni.com/profile/index/4555899 George II]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_I._(Gro%C3%9Fbritannien)_ Deutsch]

George_I_of_Great_Britain
http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=c8c4371e-8d54-4dd4-9678-32c85830fff6&tid=3176682&pid=-1722368135

He was also elector of Hanover (1698-1727), and the first of the
Hanoverian line of British rulers. George succeeded Queen Anne by the
terms of the Act of Settlement. Thoroughly German in tastes and habits, he
never learned the English language, and he made periodic lengthy visits to
Hanover, which always remained his primary concern, despite his dutiful
efforts to attend to his new kingdom's needs. He remained, however,
unpopular in Britain, a fact that contributed to Jacobite plots to replace
him with James II's son, James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender.
George appointed only Whigs as his ministers and advisers, reasoning that
the Tories were favorable to the Stuart cause. He took a keen interest in
foreign affairs, and it was his judgment that made possible the
information in 1717 of the third Triple Alliance with the Netherlands and
France. For domestic policies he relied on his ministers, James Stanhope,
1st earl Stanhope (1673-1721), Charles Townshend, 2d viscount Townshend of
Raynham, and Robert Walpole. Their sound administrative skills
strengthened the position of the house of Hanover in Great Britain. He was
succeeded by his son, George II.

His Majesty, King of England, House of Hanover.

OR "LOUIS"; ACCEDED 8/1/1714 (CROWNED WESTMINSTER); RULED FROM 1714-1727

!Note: Elector of Hannover

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Imperial General

{geni:about_me}
==Links:==


*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10277.htm#i102765 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384616 Geneall]

KILLED IN BATTLE

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Imperial Field Marshal., Imperial Field Marshal

{geni:about_me} Died unmarried and without issues


==Links:==
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10277.htm#i102766 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=384617 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_William_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Wilhelm_von_Hannover Deutsch]

Notater:

TWIN OF MAXIMILIAN (STILLBORN)

TWIN (STILLBORN)

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Queen of Prussia, Queen Consort in Prussia, , Princess of Hanover, Sophie Charlotte Hanover, Princess of Hanover (nn mrg)

{geni:about_me} Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (30 October 1668, at Schloss Iburg in Bad Iburg near Osnabrück X 1 February 1705 in Hanover) was the daughter of Ernst August, Elector of Hanover and Sophia of the Palatinate. Her eldest brother Georg Ludwig would succeed to the British throne in 1714 as King George I. She was once rumoured to be marrying the widower Louis XIV. By marrying Frederick I of Prussia, she became Queen in Prussia. Their only child to reach maturity became Frederick William I of Prussia.

Sophia Charlotte is mainly remembered for her friendship and correspondence with her mother's good friend and tutor Gottfried Leibniz, whose avowed disciple she became. Sophia Charlotte's death of pneumonia on 21 January 1705 (OS; 1 February NS), when she was 36 years of age, devastated him.




==Links:==

*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101416 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=4445 Geneall]
*'''Wikipedia:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Charlotte_of_Hanover English ] [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Charlotte_von_Hannover Deutsch]

!Note: Princess of Hannover

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Colonel (Imperial Army)

KILLED IN BATTLE

Notater:

{geni:about_me}
Died unmarried and without issue

==Links:==
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p10277.htm#i102768 The Peerage]
*[http://www.geneall.net/D/per_page.php?id=384619 Geneall]

DROWNED

Notater:

{geni:occupation} Duke of York and Albany

{geni:about_me} Name/title: Ernst August Hanover, 1st Duke of York.

President of the Council of Hanover between 1714 and 1728.

Prince Bishop of Osnabrück between 1715 and 1728

Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.

Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) on 3 July 1716.

1st Duke of York [Great Britain] on 5 July 1716.

1st Duke of Albany [Great Britain] on 5 July 1716.

1st Earl of Ulster [Ireland] on 5 July 1716.

Links:

The Peerage: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10142.htm#i101415

Geneall: http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=339695

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Ernest,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: Wikisource in deutsch: http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Ernst_August_II.

Wikipedia: English: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Augustus,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany

Deutsch: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_August_II._von_Hannover

DUKE OF YORK & ALBANY; KG