Notater:

{geni:occupation} King co-ruler 1689-1702, King of Great Britain, King of England/Scotland/Ireland & Stadtholder of the Netherlands, comte de Moers, King of England, Scotland and ireland (1689 - 1702)

{geni:about_me} King of England, Scotland and Ireland - Prince of Orange - Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, and Overijssel



William III (14 November 1650 X 8 March 1702)[1] was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the DutchRepublic. From 1689 onwards, he reigned as King William III over England and Ireland, and as King William II over Scotland.[2] He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy". A member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William won the English, Scottish and Irish crowns following the Glorious Revolution, in which his uncle and father-in-law James II was deposed. In England, Scotland and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, until her death on 28 December 1694.

A Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic King Louis XIV of France in coalition with Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith. Largely due to that reputation, William was able to take the British crowns when many were fearful of a revival of Catholicism under James. William's victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is commemorated by the Orange Institution in Northern Ireland to this day. His reign marked the beginning of the transition from the personal rule of the Stuarts to the more Parliament-centred rule of the House of Hanover.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England]

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''' William III Henry of Orange''', King of Great Britain was born on 4 November 1650.4

He was the son of '''Willem II von Nassau-Dillenburg''', Prince of Orange and '''Mary Henrietta Stuart,''' Princess Royal of Great Britain.

He married '''Mary II Stuart, Queen of Great Britain''', daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Lady Anne Hyde, on 4 November 1677 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England.5

He died on 8 March 1702 at age 51 at Kensington Palace, Kensington, London, England, in a hunting accident.4 He was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.4

William III Henry of Orange, King of Great Britain and Elizabeth Villiers were associated.6

He succeeded to the title of Stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands on 6 November 1650.4 He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) on 25 April 1653.4 He gained the title of Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in 1672.4 He gained the title of Prince of Orange from 1672 to 1702. He gained the title of King William III of Great Britain on 13 February 1689.1 He was crowned King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith on 11 April 1689 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.1

William and Mary were joint sovereigns as both had a good claim to the throne. William's object in taking the throne was to ensure that England remained part of the Grand Alliance against France who had territorial ambitionsin Europe. William agreed to a Parliamentary demand for constitutional changes which permitted non-conformist Christians the right of worship; ensured that the Commons controlled Royal expenditure; provided for a new parliament to be called every 3 years; made the appointment of judges subject to parliamentary approval and, perhaps most important, laid down that only Protestants could succeed to the throne. William fought against the French and although reducing their power they were not decisively beaten. In 1690 William defeated James II and his French allies at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland and the expenses of these wars necessitated the creation of the National Debt and this partly led to the establishment of the Bank of England in 1694. Queen Mary died of smallpox in 1694 and was buried at Westminster Abbey. The menace of France remained and William appointed John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough, Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Alliance. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.7



Children of William III Henry of Orange, King of Great Britain and Mary II Stuart, Queen of Great Britain

# child1 Stuart b. Apr 1678, d. Apr 1678
# child2 Stuart b. Sep 1678, d. Sep 1678
# child3 Stuart b. Feb 1680, d. Feb 1680


===Citations===


[S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 21. Hereinafter cited as DeBretts Peerage, 1949.

[S332] Artcyclopedia, online http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists. Hereinafter cited as Artcyclopedia.

[S3409] Caroline Maubois, "re: Penancoet Family," e-mail message from unknown author e-mail (France) to Darryl Roger Lundy, 2 December 2008. Hereinafter cited as "re: Penancoet Family".

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 265. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family.

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 266.

[S37] Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 2, page 2096. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition.

[S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995), reference "William III, 1650-1702". Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography.


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Born after the death of his father. Undersized, asthamtic & with a hook-nose. After his wife's death he began drinking alot. It was hard for him to breathe as he was asthmatic. He became very thin & his legs swelled to an immensesize. In Feb. 1702 William was riding at Hampton Court when his horse stumbled on a mole hill & there he broke his collar bone. After it had been set, he insisted on returning to Kensington Palace by coach, which aggravated his condition. He became feverish & some days later died of pleuro-pneumonia. His funeral was held at midnight.

Sources:

The book, 'The Island Race', by Winston Churchill

The book, 'Louis 14th, An Informal Portrait'

The book, 'The Princes of Wales'

Co Ruler of England.

He was called William of Orange. He was also a stadtholder of the
Netherlands (1672-1702), who helped form the Grand Alliance and led
England in its so-called Glorious Revolution.

In 1672, after the invasion of the Netherlands by the French king Louis
XIV, the leadership of Jan De Witt, grand pensionary of Holland, was
repudiated, and William was elected stadtholder, captain-general, and
admiral. William fought the French with great resolution, even cutting
(1673) dikes around Amsterdam to flood the surrounding countryside and
halt the advancing French armies. The Dutch suffered severe reverses in
subsequent battles. As a result of William's superior diplomacy, however,
which also included the strengthening of ties with England by his marriage
(1677) to the English princess Mary (eldest daughter of his uncle, James,
duke of York, later King James II), Louis XIV agreed to terminate the war
on terms favorable to the Dutch.

After the accession (1685) of James II there was fear in England that the
king's policies were directed toward restoring the power of the Roman
Catholic church. In July 1688, James's principal opponents secretly
invited William, who was Europe's leading Protestant statesman, to bring
an army of liberation to England. William and a force totaling about
15,000 men landed at Torbay on November 5, 1688. Most of the English
nobility declared for William, and James fled to France. William accepted
the Declaration of Rights passed by the Convention Parliament, which met
on January 22, 1689, and on February 13, William and Mary were proclaimed
joint sovereigns of England.

Shortly after the conclusion of this Glorious Revolution, the Scottish
parliament accepted the new rulers. Predominantly Catholic Ireland,
however, remained loyal to the deposed king and had to be taken by force.
In 1690 William led the army that defeated James and his Irish partisans
at the Battle of the Boyne. William's reign continued to be marked by
abortive Jacobite plots to restore James to the throne. After the death of
Mary in 1694, William ruled alone.

In 1689, in pursuit of containing France, William had brought England into
the League of Augsburg, thereafter known as the Grand Alliance. For the
next eight years he was embroiled in wars on the Continent. He managed by
skillful diplomacy to hold the alliance together and, under the terms of
the Peace of Ryswick, Louis XIV of France surrendered (1697) much of the
territory he had won and recognized William as England's rightful king.

At home William manifested virtually none of the acumen he displayed in
foreign affairs. Although he was liberal in some things, it was not he but
Parliament, to which he was often opposed, that brought about the reforms
effected during his reign, such as the passing of the Bill of Rights, the
establishment of the Bank of England, the introduction of ministerial
responsibility in government, and the encouragement of a free press.

In 1701 William headed the second Grand Alliance, which became involved in
the so-called War of the Spanish Succession. He died before he could take
an active part in the struggle. His wife's sister, Queen Anne, succeeded
to the throne.

PRINCE OF ORANGE; KG; ACCEDED 2/13/1689 (CROWNED WESTMINSTER); RULED JOINTLY
WITH MARY II FROM 1689-1694; RULED SOLELY FROM 1694-1702

William III (1650-1702), king of England, was the son of William II of Orange, ruler of the United Provinces. In 1677 he married Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, who in 1685 became king of England as James II. In 1688 William was invited by seven Whig peers to deliver England from the Stuart misrule and after the flight of James II to France, the crown was offered to William and Mary. WilliamXs success was marred by the deplorable massacre of Glencoe in 1692. On May 19, 1692, the English naval victory of La Hogue ruined all chance of direct aid to James from France. In 1694 Queen Mary died.

From 1697 to 1700 William was occupied with the Spanish Succession question, but died before the outbreak of the war. WilliamXs reign marked the transition from the personal government of the Stuarts to the Parliamentary rule of the Hanoverians.
[World Wide Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1935]

Asked to accept the throne with his wife Mary. Landed in England 1688. In 1690 greeted at Carrickfergus after routing the French forces of James II in the Battle of the Boyne. [THELMA.GED]

Additional information: Britannia.com http://britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon51.html